וַיֹּאמֶר֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶל־יֹואָ֜ב וְאֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתֹּ֗ו קִרְע֤וּ בִגְדֵיכֶם֙ וְחִגְר֣וּ שַׂקִּ֔ים וְסִפְד֖וּ לִפְנֵ֣י אַבְנֵ֑ר וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֔ד הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵ֥י הַמִּטָּֽה׃
And Dawid said to Yoʾav and to all the people who were with him, “Tear your garments and gird yourselves with sackcloth and wail before Avner.” And King Dawid walked after the bier.
Morphology
- וַיֹּאמֶר֩ (vayyomer) – Root: אמר; Form: Wayyiqtol (Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular); Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Introduces direct speech from Dawid.
- דָּוִ֨ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- אֶל־יֹואָ֜ב (el-Yoʾav) – Root: אל / יואב; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to Yoʾav”; Notes: Indirect object.
- וְאֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֣ם (ve-el-kol-ha-ʿam) – Root: אל / כל / עם; Form: Conjunction + preposition + construct chain; Translation: “and to all the people”; Notes: Expands address of Dawid’s command.
- אֲשֶׁר־אִתֹּ֗ו (ʾasher-ittō) – Root: אשר / את; Form: Relative pronoun + preposition with 3ms suffix; Translation: “who were with him”; Notes: Describes the people accompanying Dawid.
- קִרְע֤וּ (qirʿu) – Root: קרע; Form: Qal imperative 2nd masculine plural; Translation: “Tear”; Notes: Plural command for mourning ritual.
- בִגְדֵיכֶם֙ (bigdeikhem) – Root: בגד; Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 2mp suffix; Translation: “your garments”; Notes: Object of the imperative.
- וְחִגְר֣וּ (ve-ḥigru) – Root: חגר; Form: Conjunction + Qal imperative 2mp; Translation: “and gird yourselves”; Notes: Another mourning action.
- שַׂקִּ֔ים (saqqim) – Root: שׂק; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “sackcloth”; Notes: Mourning attire.
- וְסִפְד֖וּ (ve-sifdu) – Root: ספד; Form: Conjunction + Qal imperative 2mp; Translation: “and wail”; Notes: Formal lamentation.
- לִפְנֵ֣י (lifnei) – Root: פנה; Form: Preposition + construct form; Translation: “before”; Notes: Spatial preposition.
- אַבְנֵ֑ר (ʾAvner) – Root: אבנר; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Avner”; Notes: Object of the mourning actions.
- וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ (ve-ha-melekh) – Root: מלך; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “And the king”; Notes: Refers again to Dawid.
- דָּוִ֔ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Apposition to “the king.”
- הֹלֵ֖ךְ (holekh) – Root: הלך; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “was walking”; Notes: Describes ongoing action.
- אַחֲרֵ֥י (aḥarei) – Root: אחר; Form: Preposition; Translation: “after”; Notes: Indicates following.
- הַמִּטָּֽה (ha-mittah) – Root: מטה; Form: Noun feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the bier”; Notes: Refers to the funeral platform or bed.