וְלֹֽא־נָתַן֩ יְהוָ֨ה לָכֶ֥ם לֵב֙ לָדַ֔עַת וְעֵינַ֥יִם לִרְאֹ֖ות וְאָזְנַ֣יִם לִשְׁמֹ֑עַ עַ֖ד הַיֹּ֥ום הַזֶּֽה׃
And YHWH has not given you a heart to know, eyes to see, and ears to hear until this day.
Morphology
- וְלֹֽא־נָתַן֩ (velo-natan) – Root: נתן (n-t-n); Form: Conjunction + negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And did not give”; Notes: Refers to YHWH withholding understanding.
- יְהוָ֨ה (YHWH) – Root: The Tetragrammaton, the divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The subject of the verb, the one who gives or withholds insight.
- לָכֶ֥ם (lakhem) – Root: Preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Form: Prepositional phrase; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Indicates the recipients of understanding.
- לֵב֙ (lev) – Root: לב (l-v); Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “heart”; Notes: Symbolic for intellect, will, or understanding.
- לָדַ֔עַת (ladaʿat) – Root: ידע (y-d-ʿ); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to know”; Notes: Refers to the capacity for discernment.
- וְעֵינַ֥יִם (veʿeinayim) – Root: עין (ʿ-y-n); Form: Conjunction + dual noun; Translation: “and eyes”; Notes: Symbolic for perception or understanding.
- לִרְאֹ֖ות (lirʾot) – Root: ראה (r-ʾ-h); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to see”; Notes: Refers to both physical and spiritual perception.
- וְאָזְנַ֣יִם (veʾoznayyim) – Root: אוזן (ʾ-z-n); Form: Conjunction + dual noun; Translation: “and ears”; Notes: Refers to the ability to hear and comprehend.
- לִשְׁמֹ֑עַ (lishmoaʿ) – Root: שמע (sh-m-ʿ); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to hear”; Notes: Implies both literal hearing and understanding.
- עַ֖ד (ʿad) – Root: Preposition; Form: Preposition; Translation: “until”; Notes: Marks the time frame of the withheld understanding.
- הַיֹּ֥ום (hayom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Definite article + masculine singular noun; Translation: “the day”; Notes: Refers to the present time of the speech.
- הַזֶּֽה (hazzeh) – Root: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Specifies the current day as the point of reference.