וַיְהִ֣י בְּבֹואָ֗ם בְּשׁ֤וּב דָּוִד֙ מֵהַכֹּ֣ות אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַתֵּצֶ֨אנָה הַנָּשִׁ֜ים מִכָּל־עָרֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לָשִׁיר֙ וְהַמְּחֹלֹ֔ות לִקְרַ֖את שָׁא֣וּל הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ בְּתֻפִּ֥ים בְּשִׂמְחָ֖ה וּבְשָׁלִשִֽׁים׃
And it happened as they came, when Dawid returned from striking down the Pelishtim, that the women came out from all the cities of Yisraʾel, singing and dancing, to meet Sha’ul the king, with tambourines, with joy, and with musical instruments.
Morphology
- וַיְהִ֣י (va-yehi) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it happened”; Notes: Introduces a narrative event.
- בְּבֹואָ֗ם (be-vo’am) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “as they came”; Notes: Temporal clause.
- בְּשׁ֤וּב (be-shuv) – Root: שוב (shuv); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “when returning”; Notes: Denotes time relative to the action.
- דָּוִד֙ (David) – Root: דוד (David); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “David”; Notes: Subject of the clause.
- מֵהַכֹּ֣ות (me-ha-kot) – Root: נכה (nakah); Form: Hifil infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “from striking down”; Notes: Specifies the reason for returning.
- אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י (et-ha-Pelishti) – Root: פלשתי (Pelishti); Form: Definite direct object; Translation: “the Philistine”; Notes: Refers to Golyat.
- וַתֵּצֶ֨אנָה (va-tetzenah) – Root: יצא (yatza); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person feminine plural; Translation: “and they came out”; Notes: Refers to the women of Yisraʾel.
- הַנָּשִׁ֜ים (ha-nashim) – Root: אשה (ishah); Form: Noun, feminine plural with definite article; Translation: “the women”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- מִכָּל־עָרֵ֤י (mi-kol-ʿarei) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Noun, feminine plural construct with preposition; Translation: “from all the cities of”; Notes: Indicates the origin of the women.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Defines the geographical scope.
- לָשִׁיר֙ (la-shir) – Root: שיר (shir); Form: Qal infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to sing”; Notes: Purpose of the action.
- וְהַמְּחֹלֹ֔ות (ve-ha-meḥolot) – Root: מחול (maḥol); Form: Noun, feminine plural with definite article; Translation: “and the dances”; Notes: Expresses the celebratory nature.
- לִקְרַ֖את (likrat) – Root: קרא (qara); Form: Preposition with infinitive construct; Translation: “to meet”; Notes: Direction of the action.
- שָׁא֣וּל (Sha’ul) – Root: שאול (Sha’ul); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “Sha’ul”; Notes: The one being met.
- הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ (ha-melekh) – Root: מלך (melek); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the king”; Notes: Title of Sha’ul.
- בְּתֻפִּ֥ים (be-tupim) – Root: תף (toph); Form: Noun, masculine plural with preposition; Translation: “with tambourines”; Notes: Musical accompaniment.
- בְּשִׂמְחָ֖ה (be-simḥah) – Root: שמח (samach); Form: Noun, feminine singular with preposition; Translation: “with joy”; Notes: Expresses emotion.
- וּבְשָׁלִשִֽׁים (u-vi-shalishim) – Root: שלש (shalosh); Form: Noun, masculine plural with preposition; Translation: “and with musical instruments”; Notes: Possible reference to three-stringed instruments or musical accompaniment.