Isaiah 8:21

וְעָ֥בַר בָּ֖הּ נִקְשֶׁ֣ה וְרָעֵ֑ב וְהָיָ֨ה כִֽי־יִרְעַ֜ב וְהִתְקַצַּ֗ף וְקִלֵּ֧ל בְּמַלְכֹּ֛ו וּבֵאלֹהָ֖יו וּפָנָ֥ה לְמָֽעְלָה׃

And he shall pass through it hard-pressed and hungry, and it shall be, when he is hungry, that he shall be enraged and curse his king and his god, and he shall turn upward.

Morphology

1. וְעָ֥בַר (ve-ʿavar) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Qal perfect with vav-consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he shall pass through”; Notes: Refers to wandering through the land in distress.
2. בָּ֖הּ (bah) – Root: ב (be); Form: Preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “through it”; Notes: Refers to the land (likely Yehudah).
3. נִקְשֶׁ֣ה (niqsheh) – Root: קשה (qashah); Form: Nifal participle masculine singular; Translation: “hard-pressed”; Notes: Indicates affliction, suffering under oppression.
4. וְרָעֵ֑ב (ve-raʿev) – Root: רעב (raʿav); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “and hungry”; Notes: Physical and possibly spiritual hunger during judgment.
5. וְהָיָ֨ה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (haya); Form: Qal perfect with vav-consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and it shall be”; Notes: Introduces a conditional result of hunger.
6. כִּֽי־יִרְעַ֜ב (ki-yirʿav) – Root: רעב (raʿav); Form: Conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “when he is hungry”; Notes: Sets the condition for the coming reaction.
7. וְהִתְקַצַּ֗ף (ve-hitqatsef) – Root: קצף (qatsef); Form: Hitpael perfect with vav-consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he shall be enraged”; Notes: Describes violent frustration under pressure.
8. וְקִלֵּ֧ל (ve-killel) – Root: קלל (qalal); Form: Piel perfect with vav-consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he shall curse”; Notes: Strong rejection or blaspheming.
9. בְּמַלְכֹּ֛ו (be-malko) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his king”; Notes: Denotes political leadership blamed in crisis.
10. וּבֵאלֹהָ֖יו (u-ve-Elohav) – Root: אלה (ʾeloah); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and his god”; Notes: May refer to false gods or, ironically, to YHWH—depending on context and speaker.
11. וּפָנָ֥ה (u-fanah) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Qal perfect with vav-consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he shall turn”; Notes: Turning as gesture of reaction—upward in frustration or despair.
12. לְמָֽעְלָה (le-maʿlah) – Root: מעל (maʿal); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “upward”; Notes: May imply lifting eyes to heaven, possibly in anger or appeal.