Jeremiah 25:9

הִנְנִ֣י שֹׁלֵ֡חַ וְלָקַחְתִּי֩ אֶת־כָּל־מִשְׁפְּחֹ֨ות צָפֹ֜ון נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה וְאֶל־נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֮ עַבְדִּי֒ וַהֲבִ֨אֹתִ֜ים עַל־הָאָ֤רֶץ הַזֹּאת֙ וְעַל־יֹ֣שְׁבֶ֔יהָ וְעַ֛ל כָּל־הַגֹּויִ֥ם הָאֵ֖לֶּה סָבִ֑יב וְהַ֣חֲרַמְתִּ֔ים וְשַׂמְתִּים֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה וְלִשְׁרֵקָ֔ה וּלְחָרְבֹ֖ות עֹולָֽם׃

Behold, I am sending and I will take all the families of the north,’ declares YHWH, ‘and to Nevukhadretstsar king of Bavel, My servant, and I will bring them against this land and against its inhabitants and against all these nations around, and I will devote them to destruction and make them a horror and a hissing and perpetual desolations.

Morphology

1. הִנְנִי (hineni) – Root: הן; Form: Interjection + 1st person singular pronoun suffix; Translation: “Behold, I”; Notes: Used to introduce solemn or decisive divine speech.
2. שֹׁלֵחַ (sholeaḥ) – Root: שלח; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “am sending”; Notes: Ongoing action initiated by YHWH.
3. וְלָקַחְתִּי (ve-laqakhti) – Root: לקח; Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and I will take”; Notes: Expresses a near-future result of the sending.
4. אֶת־כָּל־מִשְׁפְּחֹות (et-kol-mishpeḥot) – Root: שׁפח; Form: Direct object marker + quantifier + noun feminine plural; Translation: “all the families”; Notes: Refers to political/military groupings.
5. צָפֹון (tsafon) – Root: צפון; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “of the north”; Notes: Geopolitical direction, often referring to Babylonian forces.
6. נְאֻם־יְהוָה (neʾum-YHWH) – Root: נאם; Form: Noun construct + Divine Name; Translation: “declares YHWH”; Notes: Formal divine proclamation formula.
7. וְאֶל־נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּר (ve-el-Nevukhadretstsar) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Conjunction + preposition + proper name; Translation: “and to Nevukhadretstsar”; Notes: Refers to the Babylonian king, chosen as God’s instrument.
8. מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל (melekh-Bavel) – Root: מלך / בבל; Form: Construct noun + proper name; Translation: “king of Bavel”; Notes: Title of Nevukhadretstsar.
9. עַבְדִּי (avdi) – Root: עבד; Form: Noun masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “My servant”; Notes: Describes YHWH’s use of foreign rulers for His purposes.
10. וַהֲבִאֹתִים (va-hăviʾotim) – Root: בוא; Form: Hiphil wayyiqtol 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and I will bring them”; Notes: Causative verb form.
11. עַל־הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת (ʿal-ha-aretz ha-zot) – Root: ארץ; Form: Preposition + definite noun feminine singular + demonstrative feminine singular; Translation: “against this land”; Notes: Refers to Yehudah.
12. וְעַל־יֹשְׁבֶיהָ (ve-ʿal-yoshveha) – Root: ישׁב; Form: Conjunction + preposition + masculine plural participle with 3rd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and against its inhabitants”; Notes: Those dwelling in the land.
13. וְעַל כָּל־הַגֹּויִם הָאֵלֶּה סָבִיב (ve-ʿal kol-ha-goyim ha-elleh saviv) – Root: גוי; Form: Conjunction + preposition + quantifier + noun masculine plural + demonstrative + adverb; Translation: “and against all these nations around”; Notes: Surrounding nations also judged.
14. וְהַחֲרַמְתִּים (ve-haḥaramtim) – Root: חרם; Form: Hiphil perfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and I will devote them to destruction”; Notes: Term often associated with total destruction under divine command.
15. וְשַׂמְתִּים (ve-samtim) – Root: שׂים; Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and I will make them”; Notes: Indicates consequence.
16. לְשַׁמָּה (le-shammah) – Root: שׁמם; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “a desolation”; Notes: Indicates ruin or devastation.
17. וְלִשְׁרֵקָה (ve-lishreqah) – Root: שרק; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and a hissing”; Notes: Expresses scorn or astonishment by onlookers.
18. וּלְחָרְבֹות עֹולָם (u-le-ḥorvot ʿolam) – Root: חרב / עלם; Form: Conjunction + preposition + plural noun feminine + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and perpetual ruins”; Notes: Emphasizes the lasting desolation decreed.