וְשִׁלַּ֣חְתִּי בָ֔ם אֶת־הַחֶ֖רֶב אֶת־הָרָעָ֣ב וְאֶת־הַדָּ֑בֶר עַד־תֻּמָּם֙ מֵעַ֣ל הָאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תִּי לָהֶ֖ם וְלַאֲבֹותֵיהֶֽם׃ פ
And I will send among them the sword, the famine, and the pestilence, until they are consumed from upon the ground that I gave to them and to their fathers.
Morphology
- וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי (ve-shillaḥti) – Root: שלח (shalach); Form: Piel perfect 1st person singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And I will send”; Notes: Piel intensifies the sending—implies purposeful dispatch of judgment.
- בָם (vam) – Root: ב; Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “among them”; Notes: Indicates the targets of what is sent.
- אֶת־הַחֶרֶב (et-ha-ḥerev) – Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Direct object marker + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the sword”; Notes: Symbol of war and destruction.
- אֶת־הָרָעָב (et-ha-raʿav) – Root: רעב (raʿav); Form: Direct object marker + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the famine”; Notes: Refers to hunger or deprivation.
- וְאֶת־הַדָּבֶר (ve-et-ha-daver) – Root: דבר (dever); Form: Conjunction + direct object marker + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the pestilence”; Notes: Refers to plague or disease.
- עַד־תֻּמָּם (ʿad-tummam) – Root: תם (tamam); Form: Preposition + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural passive; Translation: “until they are consumed”; Notes: Refers to complete annihilation.
- מֵעַל (meʿal) – Root: על; Form: Preposition; Translation: “from upon”; Notes: Indicates removal or displacement from a location.
- הָאֲדָמָה (ha-adamah) – Root: אדם; Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the ground” / “the land”; Notes: Refers to the promised land given to Yisraʾel.
- אֲשֶׁר (asher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces the relative clause explaining the land’s origin.
- נָתַתִּי (natatti) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I gave”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s gift of the land.
- לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: הם; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Refers to the current generation.
- וְלַאֲבֹותֵיהֶם (ve-laʾavoteihem) – Root: אב (av); Form: Conjunction + preposition + construct noun plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and to their fathers”; Notes: Emphasizes covenant continuity and inheritance.