מִן־שְׁלֹ֣שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֡ה לְיֹאשִׁיָּ֣הוּ בֶן־אָמֹון֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֜ה וְעַ֣ד הַיֹּ֣ום הַזֶּ֗ה זֶ֚ה שָׁלֹ֤שׁ וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה הָיָ֥ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י וָאֲדַבֵּ֧ר אֲלֵיכֶ֛ם אַשְׁכֵּ֥ים וְדַבֵּ֖ר וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּֽם׃
“From the thirteenth year of Yoshiyyahu son of ʾAmon, king of Yehuda, and until this day, these twenty-three years, the word of YHWH has been to me, and I have spoken to you, rising early and speaking, but you have not listened.
Morphology
- מִן־שְׁלֹ֣שׁ (min-shelosh) – Root: שלש; Form: Preposition + cardinal number, feminine singular; Translation: “from [the] three”; Notes: Forms part of the ordinal “thirteen.”
- עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה (ʿesreh) – Root: עשר; Form: Numeral, feminine construct; Translation: “ten”; Notes: Combines with שְׁלֹשׁ to form “thirteen.”
- שָׁנָ֡ה (shanah) – Root: שנה; Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “year”; Notes: Time marker for prophetic activity.
- לְיֹאשִׁיָּ֣הוּ (le-Yoshiyyahu) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Preposition לְ + proper name masculine singular; Translation: “of Yoshiyyahu”; Notes: Refers to King Josiah of Yehudah, includes theophoric suffix -yahu.
- בֶן־אָמֹון֩ (ben-ʾAmon) – Root: בן / אמון; Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “son of ʾAmon”; Notes: ʾAmon is Josiah’s father and a former king of Yehudah.
- מֶ֨לֶךְ (melekh) – Root: מלך; Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “king”; Notes: Appositional to the name Yoshiyyahu.
- יְהוּדָ֜ה (Yehudah) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Proper name, masculine singular; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: The southern kingdom of Judah.
- וְעַ֣ד (ve-ʿad) – Root: עד; Form: Conjunction + preposition; Translation: “and until”; Notes: Introduces the time range endpoint.
- הַיֹּ֣ום (ha-yom) – Root: יום; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the day”; Notes: Refers to the current moment of prophetic speaking.
- הַזֶּ֗ה (ha-zeh) – Root: זה; Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Modifies “day” for emphasis.
- זֶ֚ה (zeh) – Root: זה; Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Functions as a resumptive demonstrative.
- שָׁלֹ֤שׁ (shalosh) – Root: שלש; Form: Cardinal number, feminine singular; Translation: “three”; Notes: Beginning of the number “twenty-three.”
- וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ (ve-ʿesrim) – Root: עשר; Form: Conjunction + plural numeral; Translation: “and twenty”; Notes: Combined with שָׁלֹשׁ to form 23.
- שָׁנָ֔ה (shanah) – Root: שנה; Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “years”; Notes: Indicates the duration of Yirmeyahu’s prophetic service.
- הָיָ֥ה (hayah) – Root: היה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “was”; Notes: Refers to the duration of the prophetic word.
- דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה (devar-YHWH) – Root: דבר; Form: Construct noun + divine name; Translation: “the word of YHWH”; Notes: The prophetic communication from God.
- אֵלָ֑י (elai) – Root: אל; Form: Preposition with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “to me”; Notes: Indicates recipient of the divine word.
- וָאֲדַבֵּ֧ר (va-ʾadabber) – Root: דבר; Form: Piel wayyiqtol (narrative past) 1st person singular; Translation: “and I spoke”; Notes: Expresses repeated prophetic speech.
- אֲלֵיכֶ֛ם (aleikhem) – Root: אל; Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to you”; Notes: The audience of the prophetic words.
- אַשְׁכֵּ֥ים (ashkem) – Root: שׁכם; Form: Hiphil infinitive absolute used as adverbial accusative; Translation: “rising early”; Notes: Expresses diligence and urgency of prophetic action.
- וְדַבֵּ֖ר (ve-dabber) – Root: דבר; Form: Piel infinitive construct; Translation: “and speaking”; Notes: Coordinated with אַשְׁכֵּים to express persistent action.
- וְלֹ֥א (ve-lo) – Root: לא; Form: Conjunction + negation; Translation: “but not”; Notes: Introduces the audience’s response—or lack thereof.
- שְׁמַעְתֶּֽם (shemʿattem) – Root: שׁמע; Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you have listened”; Notes: Indicates the people’s failure to respond to the prophetic message.