כֻּלָּ֨נוּ֙ כַּצֹּ֣אן תָּעִ֔ינוּ אִ֥ישׁ לְדַרְכֹּ֖ו פָּנִ֑ינוּ וַֽיהוָה֙ הִפְגִּ֣יעַ בֹּ֔ו אֵ֖ת עֲוֹ֥ן כֻּלָּֽנוּ׃
All of us like sheep have gone astray; each man turned to his own way, and YHWH laid upon him the iniquity of us all.
Morphology
- כֻּלָּ֨נוּ (kullanu) – Root: כלל (kul); Form: Noun masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “all of us”; Notes: Inclusive reference to the entire people.
- כַּצֹּ֣אן (ka-tson) – Root: צאן (tson); Form: Preposition + noun masculine/feminine singular; Translation: “like sheep”; Notes: Simile describing the people as aimless and straying animals.
- תָּעִ֔ינוּ (taʿinu) – Root: תעה (taʿah); Form: Qal perfect 1st person plural; Translation: “we have gone astray”; Notes: Moral or spiritual wandering.
- אִ֥ישׁ (ʾish) – Root: אישׁ (ʾish); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “each man”; Notes: Introduces individual responsibility within the collective.
- לְדַרְכֹּ֖ו (le-darko) – Root: דרך (derekh); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to his own way”; Notes: Indicates self-directed, wayward paths.
- פָּנִ֑ינוּ (paninu) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Qal perfect 1st person plural; Translation: “we have turned”; Notes: Suggests deliberate turning from the right path.
- וַֽיהוָה֙ (va-YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “and YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the divine action in response to human sin.
- הִפְגִּ֣יעַ (hifgiʿa) – Root: פגע (pagaʿ); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “laid” / “caused to fall upon”; Notes: Can imply intercession or imposition; here, placing guilt.
- בֹּ֔ו (bo) – Root: —; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “upon him”; Notes: The servant bears the punishment for others.
- אֵ֖ת (et) – Form: Direct object marker; Notes: Introduces the object “iniquity.”
- עֲוֹ֥ן (ʿavon) – Root: עון (ʿavon); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “iniquity”; Notes: Refers to moral guilt, perversity, or sin.
- כֻּלָּֽנוּ (kullanu) – Root: כלל (kul); Form: Noun + 1st person plural suffix (repetition); Translation: “of us all”; Notes: Reiterates that the servant bore the collective guilt of the people.