Genesis 19:28

וישקף על פני סדם ועמרה ועל כל פני ארץ הככר וירא והנה עלה קיטר הארץ כקיטר הכבשן׃

Gen 19:28 [Samaritan]
וישקף על פני סדם ועמרה ועל פני כל הארץ הככר וירא והנה עלה קיטור הארץ כקיטור הכבשן׃

Gen 19:28 [Masoretic]
וַיַּשְׁקֵף עַל־פְּנֵי סְדֹם וַעֲמֹרָה וְעַֽל־כָּל־פְּנֵי אֶרֶץ הַכִּכָּר וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה עָלָה קִיטֹר הָאָרֶץ כְּקִיטֹר הַכִּבְשָֽׁן׃

Gen 19:28 [Targum Onkelos]
וְאִסְתְּכִי עַל אַפֵּי סְדוֹם וַעֲמוֹרָה וְעַל כָּל אַפֵּי אַרַע מֵישְׁרָא וַחֲזָא וְהָא סְלֵיק תָּנְנָא דְאַרְעָא כְּתָנְנָא דְּאַתּוּנָא׃

Gen 19:28 [Peshitta]
ܘܚܪ ܠܐ̈ܦܝ ܣܕܘܡ ܘܥܡܘܪܐ܂ ܘܠܐ̈ܦܝ ܟܠܗܿ ܐܪܥܐ ܕܦܩܥܬܐ܂ ܘܚܼܙܐ ܘܗܐ ܣܿܠܩ ܬܢܢܗܿ ܕܐܪܥܐ ܐܝܟ ܬܢܢܐ ܕܐܬܘܢܐ܂

וַיַּשְׁקֵ֗ף עַל־פְּנֵ֤י סְדֹם֙ וַעֲמֹרָ֔ה וְעַֽל־כָּל־פְּנֵ֖י אֶ֣רֶץ הַכִּכָּ֑ר וַיַּ֗רְא וְהִנֵּ֤ה עָלָה֙ קִיטֹ֣ר הָאָ֔רֶץ כְּקִיטֹ֖ר הַכִּבְשָֽׁן׃

And he looked down upon the face of Sedom and ‘Amora and upon all the face of the land of the plain, and he saw, and behold, the smoke of the land went up like the smoke of a furnace.

Morphology

1. וַיַּשְׁקֵ֗ף (vayyashqef) – Root: שקף (sh-q-p); Form: Verb, Hifil, Consecutive Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “and he looked down”; Notes: Describes the act of observing from a high place.
2. עַל־פְּנֵ֤י (‘al-penei) – Root: פנים (p-n-y-m); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “upon the face of”; Notes: Refers to the surface or expanse of the cities.
3. סְדֹם֙ (Sedom) – Root: סדם (s-d-m); Form: Proper noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Sodom”; Notes: Names one of the destroyed cities.
4. וַעֲמֹרָ֔ה (va’Amorah) – Root: עמורה (‘-m-r-h); Form: Proper noun, feminine singular; Translation: “and Gomorrah”; Notes: Names the second destroyed city.
5. וְעַֽל־כָּל־פְּנֵ֖י (ve’al-kol-penei) – Root: פנים (p-n-y-m); Form: Preposition with construct noun phrase; Translation: “and upon all the face of”; Notes: Extends the observation to the entire plain.
6. אֶ֣רֶץ (‘eretz) – Root: ארץ (‘-r-ts); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to the geographical area of the plain.
7. הַכִּכָּ֑ר (hakkikkar) – Root: ככר (k-k-r); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the plain”; Notes: Refers to the fertile region affected by the destruction.
8. וַיַּ֗רְא (vayyar) – Root: ראה (r-ʾ-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Consecutive Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “and he saw”; Notes: Indicates Avraham’s observation.
9. וְהִנֵּ֤ה (vehineh) – Root: הנה (h-n-h); Form: Interjection; Translation: “and behold”; Notes: Draws attention to what is being observed.
10. עָלָה֙ (‘alah) – Root: עלה (‘-l-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3ms; Translation: “went up”; Notes: Describes the movement of the smoke.
11. קִיטֹ֣ר (qitor) – Root: קטר (q-ṭ-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “smoke”; Notes: Refers to the visible fumes from the destruction.
12. הָאָ֔רֶץ (ha’aretz) – Root: ארץ (‘-r-ts); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to the region where the cities once stood.
13. כְּקִיטֹ֖ר (keqitor) – Root: קטר (q-ṭ-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “like the smoke of”; Notes: Establishes a comparison.
14. הַכִּבְשָֽׁן (hakivshan) – Root: כבשן (k-v-sh-n); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “a furnace”; Notes: Refers to an intense, fiery source, emphasizing the severity of the destruction.