בֵּ֧ית קָדְשֵׁ֣נוּ וְתִפְאַרְתֵּ֗נוּ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הִֽלְל֨וּךָ֙ אֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ הָיָ֖ה לִשְׂרֵ֣פַת אֵ֑שׁ וְכָל־מַחֲמַדֵּ֖ינוּ הָיָ֥ה לְחָרְבָּֽה׃
Our holy and glorious house, where our fathers praised You, has become a burning with fire, and all our pleasant things have become a ruin.
Morphology
- בֵּ֧ית (beit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Construct noun masculine singular; Translation: “house of”; Notes: Introduces a construct phrase referring to the Temple.
- קָדְשֵׁ֣נוּ (qodshenu) – Root: קדשׁ (qodesh); Form: Noun masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “our holiness” or “our holy place”; Notes: Refers to the sacred nature of the Temple.
- וְתִפְאַרְתֵּ֗נוּ (ve-tifʾartenou) – Root: פאר (paʾar); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular + 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “and our glory”; Notes: Paired with “house” to express reverence and splendor.
- אֲשֶׁ֤ר (asher) – Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which” or “where”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause describing the Temple.
- הִֽלְל֨וּךָ֙ (hillelukha) – Root: הלל (halal); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “they praised You”; Notes: Refers to ancestral worship in the Temple.
- אֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ (avoteinu) – Root: אב (av); Form: Noun masculine plural + 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “our fathers”; Notes: Refers to past generations of worshippers.
- הָיָ֖ה (hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has become”; Notes: Indicates a tragic transformation.
- לִשְׂרֵ֣פַת (lisrefat) – Root: שרף (saraf); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “for burning”; Notes: Construct form prepares for the next word, indicating destruction.
- אֵ֑שׁ (esh) – Root: אשׁ (ʾesh); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “fire”; Notes: Describes the literal burning of the sanctuary.
- וְכָל־מַחֲמַדֵּ֖ינוּ (ve-kol-maḥamadeinu) – Root: חמד (ḥamad); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural + 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “and all our pleasant things” or “our treasures”; Notes: Refers to things valued or cherished, possibly temple vessels or national glory.
- הָיָ֥ה (hayah) – Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has become”; Notes: Repetition for poetic emphasis.
- לְחָרְבָּֽה (le-ḥorbah) – Root: חרב (ḥarab); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “a ruin” or “desolation”; Notes: Describes the ultimate devastation of beloved things.