יַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁר֩ עָשׂ֨וּ נְבָלָ֜ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיְנַֽאֲפוּ֙ אֶת־נְשֵׁ֣י רֵֽעֵיהֶ֔ם וַיְדַבְּר֨וּ דָבָ֤ר בִּשְׁמִי֙ שֶׁ֔קֶר אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א צִוִּיתִ֑ם וְאָנֹכִ֛י הוֹ יָדַ֥עְתִּי וָעֵ֖ד נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס
Because they have done disgrace in Yisraʾel and have committed adultery with the wives of their companions and have spoken a word in My name falsely, which I did not command them, and I am He who has known and am witness,” declares YHWH.
Morphology
- יַ֡עַן (yaʿan) – Root: יען; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “because”; Notes: Introduces the reason for judgment.
- אֲשֶׁר֩ (asher) – Root: Particle; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Links cause to its explanation.
- עָשׂ֨וּ (ʿasu) – Root: עשה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have done”; Notes: Completed action.
- נְבָלָ֜ה (nevalah) – Root: נבל; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “disgrace”; Notes: Often denotes moral outrage or shameful act.
- בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל (beYisraʾel) – Root: ישראל; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “in Yisraʾel”; Notes: Geographic and covenant identity reference.
- וַיְנַֽאֲפוּ֙ (vayenaʾafu) – Root: נאף; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (waw-consecutive) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they committed adultery”; Notes: Sequential action after the disgrace mentioned.
- אֶת־נְשֵׁ֣י (et-neshei) – Root: אשה; Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “the wives of”; Notes: Indicates direct object.
- רֵֽעֵיהֶ֔ם (reʿehem) – Root: רע; Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their companions”; Notes: Denotes social or community peers.
- וַיְדַבְּר֨וּ (vayedabberu) – Root: דבר; Form: Piel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they spoke”; Notes: Piel intensifies the verbal act.
- דָבָ֤ר (davar) – Root: דבר; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “a word”; Notes: Refers to spoken message or statement.
- בִּשְׁמִי֙ (bishmi) – Root: שם; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “in My name”; Notes: Indicates claimed divine authority.
- שֶׁ֔קֶר (sheqer) – Root: שׁקר; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “falsehood”; Notes: Qualifies the preceding statement.
- אֲשֶׁ֖ר (asher) – Root: Particle; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Relates the false speech to divine command.
- לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: Particle; Form: Negative adverb; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates divine commission.
- צִוִּיתִ֑ם (tsivvitim) – Root: צוה; Form: Piel perfect 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “I commanded you”; Notes: Explicit denial of divine authorization.
- וְאָנֹכִ֛י (veʾanokhi) – Root: Pronoun; Form: Independent personal pronoun; Translation: “and I”; Notes: Adds emphatic subject reference.
- הוֹ (ho) – Root: Possibly enclitic pronoun particle; Form: Unusual orthography; Translation: “[emphatic particle]”; Notes: Likely intensifying divine self-reference.
- יָדַ֥עְתִּי (yadaʿti) – Root: ידע; Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I have known”; Notes: Denotes full awareness.
- וָעֵ֖ד (vaʿed) – Root: עוד; Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “and I am witness”; Notes: Testifies to the truth of His knowledge.
- נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה (neʾum-YHWH) – Root: נאם; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + proper noun; Translation: “declares YHWH”; Notes: Prophetic affirmation of divine authority.