וּבַ֣יִת לֹֽא־תִבְנ֗וּ וְזֶ֤רַע לֹֽא־תִזְרָ֨עוּ֙ וְכֶ֣רֶם לֹֽא־תִטָּ֔עוּ וְלֹ֥א יִֽהְיֶ֖ה לָכֶ֑ם כִּ֠י בָּאֳהָלִ֤ים תֵּֽשְׁבוּ֙ כָּל־יְמֵיכֶ֔ם לְמַ֨עַן תִּֽחְי֜וּ יָמִ֤ים רַבִּים֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הָאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם גָּרִ֥ים שָֽׁם׃
And house you shall not build, and seed you shall not sow, and vineyard you shall not plant, and you shall not have them, for in tents you shall dwell all your days, so that you may live many days on the face of the land where you are sojourning.’
Morphology
- וּבַיִת (u-ḇayit) – Root: בית; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and house”; Notes: Beginning of the prohibition list; refers to permanent dwellings.
- לֹא־תִבְנוּ (lo-tivnū) – Root: בנה; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural with negative particle; Translation: “you shall not build”; Notes: Prohibition given to all male members of the group.
- וְזֶרַע (ve-zerāʿ) – Root: זרע; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and seed”; Notes: Refers to sowing crops or agriculture.
- לֹא־תִזְרָעוּ (lo-tizraʿū) – Root: זרע; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural with negative; Translation: “you shall not sow”; Notes: Agricultural restriction reinforcing nomadic lifestyle.
- וְכֶרֶם (ve-kerem) – Root: כרם; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and vineyard”; Notes: Symbol of settled, cultivated life.
- לֹא־תִטָּעוּ (lo-tittaʿū) – Root: נטע; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural with negative; Translation: “you shall not plant”; Notes: Another cultivation prohibition.
- וְלֹא יִהְיֶה לָכֶם (ve-lo yihyeh lakhem) – Root: היה; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + preposition with 2nd person plural suffix; Translation: “and you shall not have”; Notes: General prohibition on owning such property.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the rationale for the prohibitions.
- בָּאֳהָלִים (baʾohālīm) – Root: אהל; Form: Preposition + definite plural noun masculine; Translation: “in tents”; Notes: Indicates a nomadic or transitory lifestyle.
- תֵּשְׁבוּ (teshəvū) – Root: ישׁב; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you shall dwell”; Notes: Contrasts with building permanent homes.
- כָּל־יְמֵיכֶם (kol-yəmeikhem) – Root: כל + יום; Form: Construct phrase with 2nd person plural suffix; Translation: “all your days”; Notes: Emphasizes lifelong observance.
- לְמַעַן (ləmaʿan) – Root: מען; Form: Preposition; Translation: “so that”; Notes: Purpose clause marker.
- תִּחְיוּ (tiḥyū) – Root: חיה; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you may live”; Notes: Expresses the desired result of obedience.
- יָמִים רַבִּים (yāmīm rabbīm) – Root: יום + רב; Form: Plural noun + adjective masculine plural; Translation: “many days”; Notes: Idiom for long life or longevity.
- עַל־פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה (ʿal-pənē ha-ʾădāmāh) – Root: על + פני + אדמה; Form: Preposition + construct plural + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “on the face of the land”; Notes: Refers to settled areas, in contrast to tent-living.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾăsher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “where” / “which”; Notes: Introduces location clause.
- אַתֶּם (ʾattem) – Root: אתם; Form: Independent pronoun 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you”; Notes: Subject of the verb “sojourn.”
- גָּרִים (gārīm) – Root: גור; Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “sojourning”; Notes: Describes temporary residence status.
- שָׁם (shām) – Root: שם; Form: Adverb of place; Translation: “there”; Notes: Refers to their current geographical location.