Jeremiah 37:11

וְהָיָ֗ה בְּהֵעָלֹות֙ חֵ֣יל הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים מֵעַ֖ל יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם מִפְּנֵ֖י חֵ֥יל פַּרְעֹֽה׃ ס

And it came to pass, when the army of the Kasdim went up from against Yerushalayim because of the army of Parʿo.

Morphology

1. וְהָיָה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And it came to pass”; Notes: Standard narrative introduction formula.
2. בְּהֵעָלוֹת (be-heʿalot) – Root: עלה; Form: Preposition + Niphal infinitive construct; Translation: “when [was] the going up”; Notes: Temporal clause marker, indicating the time of the event.
3. חֵיל (ḥeil) – Root: חיל; Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “army of”; Notes: Refers here to the military force of the Kasdim.
4. הַכַּשְׂדִּים (ha-Kasdim) – Root: כשׂד; Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the Kasdim”; Notes: Refers to the Chaldeans/Babylonians.
5. מֵעַל (me-ʿal) – Root: על; Form: Preposition; Translation: “from against”; Notes: Marks the withdrawal of troops from their siege position.
6. יְרוּשָׁלִָם (Yerushalayim) – Root: ירושלם; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: Refers to the city under siege.
7. מִפְּנֵי (mi-penei) – Root: פנה; Form: Preposition + construct noun masculine plural; Translation: “because of”; Notes: Causal preposition indicating the reason for withdrawal.
8. חֵיל (ḥeil) – Root: חיל; Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “army of”; Notes: Second military force in the verse, contrasted with the Kasdim.
9. פַּרְעֹה (Parʿo) – Root: Egyptian royal title; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Parʿo” (Pharaoh); Notes: Refers to the king of Mitsrayim.