וּבָ֣אוּ עָלַ֡יִךְ הֹ֠צֶן רֶ֤כֶב וְגַלְגַּל֙ וּבִקְהַ֣ל עַמִּ֔ים צִנָּ֤ה וּמָגֵן֙ וְקֹובַ֔ע יָשִׂ֥ימוּ עָלַ֖יִךְ סָבִ֑יב וְנָתַתִּ֤י לִפְנֵיהֶם֙ מִשְׁפָּ֔ט וּשְׁפָט֖וּךְ בְּמִשְׁפְּטֵיהֶֽם׃
And they shall come against you with armament, chariot and wheel, and with an assembly of peoples; shield and buckler and helmet they shall set against you all around; and I will set before them judgment, and they shall judge you by their judgments.
Morphology
- וּבָאוּ (u-vāʾu) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural with prefixed waw; Translation: “and they shall come”; Notes: Perfect with prophetic force describing future siege action.
- עָלַיִךְ (ʿālayikh) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “against you / upon you”; Notes: Directs hostile action against the city as feminine addressee.
- הֹצֶן (hōtsen) – Root: הצן (ḥotsen); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “armament”; Notes: Rare word, denotes military gear or force of equipment.
- רֶכֶב (rekhev) – Root: רכב (rākhav); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “chariotry”; Notes: Often collective term for chariots and those who ride them.
- וְגַלְגַּל (ve-galgal) – Root: גלגל (galgal); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and wheel”; Notes: Refers to the wheels of siege or chariots.
- וּבִקְהַל (u-viqhal) – Root: קהל (qahal); Form: Conjunction + preposition ב + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “and with the assembly of”; Notes: Construct phrase introducing collective group.
- עַמִּים (ʿammim) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “peoples”; Notes: Refers to foreign nations forming the besieging coalition.
- צִנָּה (tsinnāh) – Root: צנה (tsinnah); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “large shield”; Notes: Heavy shield, often used in siege warfare.
- וּמָגֵן (u-māgēn) – Root: מגן (māgēn); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and buckler”; Notes: Smaller shield, paired with larger צִנָּה.
- וְקֹובַע (ve-qōvaʿ) – Root: קבע (qōvaʿ); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and helmet”; Notes: Military headgear, completing the warrior’s gear.
- יָשִׂימוּ (yāsīmu) – Root: שׂים (śīm); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural; Translation: “they shall set”; Notes: Describes positioning of weapons or siege lines.
- עָלַיִךְ (ʿālayikh) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “against you”; Notes: Repeated phrase intensifies hostile focus.
- סָבִיב (sāvīv) – Root: סביב (saviv); Form: Adverb/preposition; Translation: “all around”; Notes: Refers to encirclement of the besieged city.
- וְנָתַתִּי (ve-nātattī) – Root: נתן (nātan); Form: Qal perfect 1st common singular with prefixed waw; Translation: “and I will set”; Notes: YHWH speaks in first person, declaring sovereign action.
- לִפְנֵיהֶם (lifnēhem) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Preposition ל + noun masculine plural construct “faces/presence” + 3rd masculine plural suffix; Translation: “before them”; Notes: Indicates placing something in their view or control.
- מִשְׁפָּט (mishpaṭ) – Root: שׁפט (shafat); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “judgment”; Notes: Refers to judicial decision or legal process.
- וּשְׁפָטוּךְ (u-shefāṭūkh) – Root: שׁפט (shafat); Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and they shall judge you”; Notes: Judgment rendered by the invading coalition.
- בְּמִשְׁפְּטֵיהֶם (be-mishpeteihem) – Root: שׁפט (shafat); Form: Preposition ב + masculine plural construct “judgments” + 3rd masculine plural suffix; Translation: “by their judgments”; Notes: Judgment executed according to foreign standards or laws.