וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ לִבְנֵ֣י עַמֹּ֔ון שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר־אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֡ה יַעַן֩ אָמְרֵ֨ךְ הֶאָ֜ח אֶל־מִקְדָּשִׁ֣י כִֽי־נִחָ֗ל וְאֶל־אַדְמַ֤ת יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּ֣י נָשַׁ֔מָּה וְאֶל־בֵּ֣ית יְהוּדָ֔ה כִּ֥י הָלְכ֖וּ בַּגֹּולָֽה׃
And you shall say to the sons of ʿAmmon: ‘Hear the word of the Lord YHWH. “Thus says my Lord YHWH: ‘Because you said “Aha!” over my sanctuary, when it was profaned, and over the land of Yisraʾel, when it was desolated, and over the house of Yehuda, when they went into exile,
Morphology
- וְאָמַרְתָּ (ve-amarta) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular with prefixed conjunction (prophetic imperative); Translation: “And you shall say”; Notes: Command to Ezekiel.
- לִבְנֵי (livnei) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Preposition ל + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “to the sons of”; Notes: Construct introduces the nation being addressed.
- עַמֹּון (ʿAmmon) – Root: עמון (ʿAmmon); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “ʿAmmon”; Notes: Nation east of the Jordan.
- שִׁמְעוּ (shimʿu) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal imperative 2nd masculine plural; Translation: “Hear”; Notes: Command to listen attentively to YHWH’s word.
- דְּבַר (devar) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “word of”; Notes: Linked with the divine title.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾAdonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun masculine plural of majesty + 1st common singular suffix; Translation: “my Lord”; Notes: Title for God.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hawah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of God.
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: כה (koh); Form: Demonstrative adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Introduces prophetic formula.
- אָמַר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis in prophecy.
- יַעַן (yaʿan) – Root: יען (yaʿan); Form: Conjunction/adverb; Translation: “because”; Notes: Introduces the reason for judgment.
- אָמְרֵךְ (ʾomrekh) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal infinitive construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “you said”; Notes: Addressed to Ammon personified.
- הֶאָח (heʾaḥ) – Root: Interjection; Form: Exclamation particle; Translation: “Aha!”; Notes: Mocking or gloating cry.
- אֶל־מִקְדָּשִׁי (ʾel-miqdashi) – Root: קדשׁ (qadash); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct + 1st common singular suffix; Translation: “over my sanctuary”; Notes: Reference to YHWH’s temple.
- כִּי־נִחָל (ki-niḥal) – Root: חלל (ḥalal); Form: Conjunction + Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “when it was profaned”; Notes: Passive sense of desecration.
- וְאֶל־אַדְמַת (ve-ʾel-admat) – Root: אדמה (adamah); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “and over the land of”; Notes: Refers to national territory.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: The northern kingdom and people collectively.
- כִּי־נָשַׁמָּה (ki-nashammah) – Root: שׁמם (shamam); Form: Conjunction + Niphal perfect 3rd feminine singular; Translation: “when it was desolated”; Notes: Emphasizes ruin of the land.
- וְאֶל־בֵּית (ve-ʾel-beit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “and over the house of”; Notes: Refers to the people of Yehudah.
- יְהוּדָה (Yehudah) – Root: יהודה (Yehudah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: The southern kingdom.
- כִּי־הָלְכוּ (ki-halkhu) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural; Translation: “when they went”; Notes: Describes exile movement.
- בַּגֹּולָה (ba-golah) – Root: גלה (galah); Form: Preposition + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “into exile”; Notes: Refers to captivity in foreign lands.