כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה בְּתִתִּ֤י אֹתָךְ֙ עִ֣יר נֶחֱרֶ֔בֶת כֶּעָרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־נֹושָׁ֑בוּ בְּהַעֲלֹ֤ות עָלַ֨יִךְ֙ אֶת־תְּהֹ֔ום וְכִסּ֖וּךְ הַמַּ֥יִם הָרַבִּֽים׃
“For thus says the Lord YHWH: ‘When I make you a desolate city, like the cities which are not inhabited, when I bring up against you the deep, and the many waters cover you.
Morphology
- כִּי (ki) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces divine reasoning or declaration.
- כֹה (koh) – Root: —; Form: Demonstrative adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Standard prophetic formula.
- אָמַר (amar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: Divine speech introduction.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Proper title, emphatic plural with 1st person suffix; Translation: “my Lord”; Notes: Title of majesty, paired with YHWH.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hwh); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine covenant name.
- בְּתִתִּי (be-titti) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Preposition בְּ + Qal infinitive construct with 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “when I make”; Notes: Indicates YHWH as subject, giving or appointing the city’s fate.
- אֹתָךְ (otakh) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker + suffix 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “you”; Notes: Tyre as the addressed city (fem.).
- עִיר (ʿir) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “city”; Notes: Refers to Tyre.
- נֶחֱרֶבֶת (neḥerevet) – Root: חרב (ḥarav); Form: Niphal participle feminine singular; Translation: “desolate / laid waste”; Notes: Passive sense, describing ruined state.
- כֶּעָרִים (ke-ʿarim) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun feminine plural; Translation: “like the cities”; Notes: Comparison to other ruined cities.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- לֹא־נֹושָׁבוּ (lo-noshevu) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Negative particle לֹא + Niphal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “are not inhabited”; Notes: Describes permanently desolate cities.
- בְּהַעֲלֹות (be-haʿalot) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Preposition בְּ + Hiphil infinitive construct; Translation: “when I bring up”; Notes: Hiphil gives causative sense of YHWH causing the waters to rise.
- עָלַיִךְ (ʿalayikh) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “against you”; Notes: Directs the judgment toward Tyre.
- אֶת־תְּהֹום (et-tehom) – Root: תהום (tehom); Form: Direct object marker + noun masculine singular; Translation: “the deep”; Notes: Symbol of chaotic waters of destruction.
- וְכִסּוּךְ (ve-kissukh) – Root: כסׂה (kasah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Piel perfect 3rd person plural + suffix 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “and they cover you”; Notes: “They” refers to the waters overwhelming the city.
- הַמַּיִם (ha-mayim) – Root: מים (mayim); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the waters”; Notes: Symbol of overwhelming forces.
- הָרַבִּים (ha-rabbim) – Root: רבב (rav); Form: Adjective masculine plural definite; Translation: “the many”; Notes: Emphasizes the abundance of destructive waters.