Ezekiel 27:5

בְּרֹושִׁ֤ים מִשְּׂנִיר֙ בָּ֣נוּ לָ֔ךְ אֵ֖ת כָּל־לֻֽחֹתָ֑יִם אֶ֤רֶז מִלְּבָנֹון֙ לָקָ֔חוּ לַעֲשֹׂ֥ות תֹּ֖רֶן עָלָֽיִךְ׃

Cypresses from Senir they built for you all your planks; cedars from Levanon they took to make a mast for you.

Morphology

1. בְּרֹושִׁים (be-roshim) – Root: ברושׁ (berosh); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine plural; Translation: “with cypresses”; Notes: Refers to cypress wood used in shipbuilding, symbolizing high-quality material.
2. מִשְּׂנִיר (mi-Senir) – Root: שׂניר (Senir); Form: Preposition מִן + proper noun; Translation: “from Senir”; Notes: Senir is another name for Mount Hermon, known for its timber.
3. בָּנוּ (banu) – Root: בנה (banah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they built”; Notes: Describes the craftsmen’s work in constructing Tyre’s ships.
4. לָךְ (lakh) – Root: —; Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “for you”; Notes: Refers to Tyre personified as a feminine entity.
5. אֵת (ʾet) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: “—”; Notes: Marks the definite direct object of the verb “built.”
6. כָּל־לֻחֹתָיִם (kol-luḥotayikh) – Root: לוח (luḥ); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + suffix 2nd person feminine singular with prefixed כָּל־ “all of”; Translation: “all your planks”; Notes: Refers to the wooden boards forming the ship’s structure.
7. אֶרֶז (erez) – Root: ארז (erez); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “cedar”; Notes: Cedar wood from Lebanon was prized for strength and durability.
8. מִלְּבָנֹון (mi-Lebanon) – Root: לבנון (Levanon); Form: Preposition מִן + proper noun; Translation: “from Lebanon”; Notes: Indicates the geographic source of the cedar wood.
9. לָקָחוּ (laqachu) – Root: לקח (laqach); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they took”; Notes: Indicates acquisition or procurement of building materials.
10. לַעֲשֹׂות (laʿasot) – Root: עשׂה (ʿasah); Form: Preposition לְ + infinitive construct; Translation: “to make”; Notes: Expresses purpose or intent of the action (“they took… to make”).
11. תֹּרֶן (toren) – Root: תורן (toren); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “mast”; Notes: A central pole or spar supporting the sail of a ship.
12. עָלָיִךְ (ʿalayikh) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “for you / upon you”; Notes: Tyre is personified as a ship, the mast being “upon” her.