וְזֶ֖ה גְּב֣וּל הָאָ֑רֶץ לִפְאַ֨ת צָפֹ֜ונָה מִן־הַיָּ֧ם הַגָּדֹ֛ול הַדֶּ֥רֶךְ חֶתְלֹ֖ן לְבֹ֥וא צְדָֽדָה׃
And this is the border of the land: toward the northern side, from the Great Sea, the way to Ḥetlon, to the entrance of Tsedad.
Morphology
- וְזֶה (ve-zeh) – Root: זֶה (zeh); Form: Conjunction וְ + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “and this”; Notes: Introduces a new section describing the boundaries of the land.
- גְּבוּל (gevul) – Root: גָּבַל (gaval); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “border” or “boundary”; Notes: Refers to the geographic limits designated by YHWH.
- הָאָרֶץ (ha-ʾarets) – Root: אֶרֶץ (ʾerets); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to the Promised Land of Yisraʾel.
- לִפְאַת (li-feʾat) – Root: פֵאָה (peʾah); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “toward the side of”; Notes: Introduces a directional specification for the border.
- צָפֹונָה (tsafonah) – Root: צָפוֹן (tsafon); Form: Adverb of direction; Translation: “northward”; Notes: Indicates the direction of the first border segment.
- מִן־הַיָּם (min-ha-yam) – Root: יָם (yam); Form: Preposition מִן + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “from the sea”; Notes: Marks the starting point of the border line.
- הַגָּדֹול (ha-gadol) – Root: גָּדַל (gadal); Form: Definite adjective masculine singular; Translation: “the Great”; Notes: Refers to the Mediterranean Sea, often called “the Great Sea.”
- הַדֶּרֶךְ (ha-derekh) – Root: דֶּרֶךְ (derekh); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the way”; Notes: Suggests a route or direction along which the boundary proceeds.
- חֶתְלֹן (Ḥetlon) – Root: חֶתְלֹן (Ḥetlon); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Ḥetlon”; Notes: A northern city marking part of Yisraʾel’s border; possibly near Hamath.
- לְבֹוא (le-vo) – Root: בּוֹא (boʾ); Form: Preposition לְ + infinitive construct; Translation: “to the entrance of”; Notes: Indicates the direction or approach toward a specific location.
- צְדָדָה (Tsedadah) – Root: צְדָדָה (Tsedadah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Tsedad”; Notes: Northern boundary point, likely identical with modern Ṣadad in Syria, marking the far northern limit of the land.