וַיֵּצֵ֤א יֹונָה֙ מִן־הָעִ֔יר וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב מִקֶּ֣דֶם לָעִ֑יר וַיַּעַשׂ֩ לֹ֨ו שָׁ֜ם סֻכָּ֗ה וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב תַּחְתֶּ֨יהָ֙ בַּצֵּ֔ל עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִרְאֶ֔ה מַה־יִּהְיֶ֖ה בָּעִֽיר׃
And Yona went out from the city and sat east of the city, and he made for himself there a booth, and he sat under it in the shade until he would see what would happen in the city.
Morphology
- וַיֵּצֵא (va-yetse) – Root: יצא (yatsaʾ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “And he went out”; Notes: Marks Yonah’s deliberate departure from Ninveh.
- יֹונָה (Yonah) – Root: יון (yon); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yonah”; Notes: Subject of the narrative.
- מִן־הָעִיר (min-ha-ʿir) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Preposition מִן + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “from the city”; Notes: Specifies origin of movement.
- וַיֵּשֶׁב (va-yeshev) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “and he sat”; Notes: Describes settling into position.
- מִקֶּדֶם (miqqedem) – Root: קדם (qedem); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular; Translation: “east of”; Notes: Spatial orientation to the city.
- לָעִיר (la-ʿir) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Preposition לְ + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “to the city”; Notes: Indicates relative location.
- וַיַּעַשׂ (va-yaʿas) – Root: עשׂה (ʿasah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “and he made”; Notes: Yonah constructs a shelter.
- לֹו (lo) – Root: ל (l); Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 3ms; Translation: “for himself”; Notes: Marks personal purpose.
- שָׁם (sham) – Root: שם (sham); Form: Adverb; Translation: “there”; Notes: Locates the construction spot.
- סֻכָּה (sukkah) – Root: סכך (sakhakh); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “a booth”; Notes: A temporary shelter for shade.
- וַיֵּשֶׁב (va-yeshev) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “and he sat”; Notes: Begins waiting period.
- תַּחְתֶּיהָ (taḥteha) – Root: תחת (taḥat); Form: Noun + suffix 3fs; Translation: “under it”; Notes: Refers to being beneath the sukkah.
- בַּצֵּל (ba-tzel) – Root: צל (tzel); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the shade”; Notes: Indicates relief from the sun.
- עַד (ʿad) – Root: עד (ʿad); Form: Preposition; Translation: “until”; Notes: Marks duration of waiting.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשׁר (ʾasher); Form: Relative particle; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces clause of purpose.
- יִרְאֶה (yirʾeh) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal imperfect 3ms; Translation: “he would see”; Notes: Anticipation of the city’s fate.
- מַה (mah) – Root: מה (mah); Form: Interrogative pronoun; Translation: “what”; Notes: Opens the question about the outcome.
- יִּהְיֶה (yihyeh) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal imperfect 3ms with dagesh forte; Translation: “would happen”; Notes: Future aspect of the city’s destiny.
- בָּעִיר (ba-ʿir) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the city”; Notes: Refers to Ninveh’s impending outcome.