וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה אַתָּ֥ה חַ֨סְתָּ֙ עַל־הַקִּ֣יקָיֹ֔ון אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־עָמַ֥לְתָּ בֹּ֖ו וְלֹ֣א גִדַּלְתֹּ֑ו שֶׁבִּן־לַ֥יְלָה הָיָ֖ה וּבִן־לַ֥יְלָה אָבָֽד׃
And YHWH said, “You had pity over the gourd plant, which you did not labor for and did not grow, which as a son of a night was, and as a son of a night perished.
Morphology
- וַיֹּאמֶר (va-yomer) – Root: אמר (amar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “And said”; Notes: Introduces YHWH’s concluding speech.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of Israel’s God.
- אַתָּה (attah) – Root: אתה (attah); Form: Independent pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “You”; Notes: Directly addresses Yonah.
- חַסְתָּ (ḥasta) – Root: חוס (ḥus); Form: Qal perfect 2ms; Translation: “had pity”; Notes: Indicates emotional compassion.
- עַל־הַקִּיקָיֹון (ʿal-ha-qiqayon) – Root: קיקה (qiqah); Form: Preposition עַל + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “over the qiqayon”; Notes: Object of Yonah’s pity.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשׁר (ʾasher); Form: Relative particle; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a defining clause.
- לֹא־עָמַלְתָּ (lo-ʿamalta) – Root: עמל (ʿamal); Form: Negative particle לֹא + Qal perfect 2ms; Translation: “you did not labor”; Notes: Highlights Yonah’s lack of effort in producing the plant.
- בֹּו (bo) – Root: ב (b); Form: Preposition בְּ + suffix 3ms; Translation: “in it / for it”; Notes: Indicates involvement (which Yonah lacked).
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Connects parallel negation.
- גִדַּלְתּוֹ (giddalto) – Root: גדל (gadal); Form: Piel perfect 2ms + suffix 3ms; Translation: “did you grow it”; Notes: Emphasizes Yonah’s lack of participation.
- שֶׁבִּן־לַיְלָה (she-vin-laylah) – Root: בן / לילה (ben / laylah); Form: Particle שֶׁ + noun masculine singular + Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “which as a son of a night”; Notes: Idiom meaning “overnight.”
- הָיָה (hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “was”; Notes: Indicates its sudden appearance.
- וּבִן־לַיְלָה (u-vin-laylah) – Root: בן / לילה (ben / laylah); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular + preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and as a son of a night”; Notes: Parallel idiom stressing brevity of existence.
- אָבָד (avad) – Root: אבד (avad); Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “perished”; Notes: Sudden disappearance of the plant.