רָא֤וּךָ יָחִ֨ילוּ֙ הָרִ֔ים זֶ֥רֶם מַ֖יִם עָבָ֑ר נָתַ֤ן תְּהֹום֙ קֹולֹ֔ו רֹ֖ום יָדֵ֥יהוּ נָשָֽׂא׃
They saw You; the mountains writhed. A torrent of waters passed. The deep gave its voice; the height lifted its hands.
Morphology
- רָאוּךָ (raʾukha) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal perfect 3cp + suffix 2ms; Translation: “They saw You”; Notes: The seeing of YHWH initiates cosmic trembling.
- יָחִילוּ (yakhilu) – Root: חיל (ḥil); Form: Qal imperfect 3mp; Translation: “they writhed”; Notes: Conveys trembling or convulsing, often of mountains before divine presence.
- הָרִים (harim) – Root: הר (har); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “mountains”; Notes: Symbolic of stability, yet shaken by YHWH.
- זֶרֶם (zerem) – Root: זרם (zerem); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “torrent”; Notes: Implies violent rushing waters.
- מַיִם (mayim) – Root: מים (mayim); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “waters”; Notes: Often associated with chaos and divine judgment.
- עָבָר (avar) – Root: עבר (avar); Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “passed”; Notes: Indicates movement of the chaotic waters.
- נָתַן (natan) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “gave”; Notes: A strong, active verb of divine or cosmic action.
- תְּהֹום (tehom) – Root: תהם (tehom); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “the deep”; Notes: Primordial waters that respond to YHWH.
- קֹולֹו (qolo) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3ms; Translation: “its voice”; Notes: The deep roars in reaction to God.
- רֹום (rom) – Root: רום (rum); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “height”; Notes: Likely refers to the lofty heavens or towering waves.
- יָדֵיהוּ (yadehu) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun feminine dual + suffix 3ms; Translation: “its hands”; Notes: Metaphorical “hands,” possibly waves or cosmic forces.
- נָשָׂא (nasaʾ) – Root: נשא (nasaʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “lifted”; Notes: Indicates an upward surge, completing the cosmic reaction.