Amos 5:10

שָׂנְא֥וּ בַשַּׁ֖עַר מֹוכִ֑יחַ וְדֹבֵ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים יְתָעֵֽבוּ׃

They hate the one who reproves in the gate, and the one who speaks uprightly they abhor.

Morphology

1. שָׂנְאוּ (sanʾu) – Root: שׂנא (saneʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “they hated”; Notes: Describes ongoing social hostility toward moral correction.
2. בַּשַּׁעַר (ba-shaʿar) – Root: שׁער (shaʿar); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the gate”; Notes: The “gate” was the public place of judgment, assembly, and counsel in ancient cities.
3. מֹוכִיחַ (mokhiaḥ) – Root: יכח (yakhaḥ); Form: Hifil participle masculine singular; Translation: “one who reproves”; Notes: Refers to a person who exposes wrongdoing or speaks justly in public.
4. וְדֹבֵר (ve-dover) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “and one who speaks”; Notes: Connects the second clause, referring to a speaker of truth.
5. תָּמִים (tamim) – Root: תם (tamam); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “uprightly” or “with integrity”; Notes: Describes moral perfection or innocence—complete sincerity in speech.
6. יְתָעֵבוּ (yetaʿevu) – Root: תעב (taʿav); Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they abhor”; Notes: Denotes intense revulsion or detestation toward righteousness and truth-telling.