Amos 5:12

כִּ֤י יָדַ֨עְתִּי֙ רַבִּ֣ים פִּשְׁעֵיכֶ֔ם וַעֲצֻמִ֖ים חַטֹּֽאתֵיכֶ֑ם צֹרְרֵ֤י צַדִּיק֙ לֹ֣קְחֵי כֹ֔פֶר וְאֶבְיֹונִ֖ים בַּשַּׁ֥עַר הִטּֽוּ׃

For I know your many transgressions and your mighty sins — afflicting the righteous, taking bribes, and turning aside the needy in the gate.

Morphology

1. כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces the rationale for the coming judgment declared by YHWH.
2. יָדַעְתִּי (yadaʿti) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I know”; Notes: Indicates divine omniscience regarding human conduct and corruption.
3. רַבִּים (rabbim) – Root: רבב (ravav); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “many”; Notes: Describes the abundance or multitude of their transgressions.
4. פִּשְׁעֵיכֶם (pishʿeikhem) – Root: פשׁע (peshaʿ); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “your transgressions”; Notes: Refers to deliberate acts of rebellion against divine law.
5. וַעֲצֻמִים (va-ʿatsumim) – Root: עצם (ʿatsam); Form: Conjunction וְ + adjective masculine plural; Translation: “and mighty”; Notes: Describes the magnitude or seriousness of their sins.
6. חַטֹּאתֵיכֶם (ḥattoʾteikhem) – Root: חטא (ḥataʾ); Form: Noun feminine plural + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “your sins”; Notes: Denotes moral failings and wrongdoing of various kinds.
7. צֹרְרֵי (tsorerei) – Root: צרר (tsarar); Form: Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “those who afflict”; Notes: Refers to oppressors or persecutors, especially of the righteous.
8. צַדִּיק (tsaddiq) – Root: צדק (tsadaq); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “the righteous”; Notes: The innocent person who upholds justice but suffers oppression.
9. לֹקְחֵי (lokkhei) – Root: לקח (laqach); Form: Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “those who take”; Notes: Denotes the act of receiving or accepting, here referring to bribe-taking.
10. כֹפֶר (kofer) – Root: כפר (kapar); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a bribe” or “ransom”; Notes: Suggests corruption in judicial proceedings through illicit payment.
11. וְאֶבְיֹונִים (ve-evyonim) – Root: אבי (ʾevyon); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and the needy”; Notes: The impoverished or powerless members of society deprived of justice.
12. בַּשַּׁעַר (ba-shaʿar) – Root: שׁער (shaʿar); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the gate”; Notes: Refers to the city gate, where courts and public decisions were made.
13. הִטּוּ (hittu) – Root: נטה (natah); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they turn aside”; Notes: Denotes perverting justice or denying fair judgment to the poor.