Amos 7:9

וְנָשַׁ֨מּוּ֙ בָּמֹ֣ות יִשְׂחָ֔ק וּמִקְדְּשֵׁ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ וְקַמְתִּ֛י עַל־בֵּ֥ית יָרָבְעָ֖ם בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ פ

And the high places of Yisḥaq shall be desolated, and the sanctuaries of Yisraʾel shall be laid waste, and I will rise against the house of Yarovʿam with the sword.”

Morphology

1. וְנָשַׁמּוּ (ve-nashammu) – Root: שׁמם (shamam); Form: Conjunction וְ + Niphal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And shall be desolated”; Notes: Indicates devastation and abandonment; the Niphal voice emphasizes passive destruction by divine action.
2. בָּמֹות (bamot) – Root: במה (bamah); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “high places”; Notes: Refers to idolatrous worship sites where Yisraʾel offered sacrifices contrary to YHWH’s commands.
3. יִשְׂחָק (Yisḥaq) – Root: צחק (tsaḥaq); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisḥaq”; Notes: Here a symbolic reference to the patriarch or possibly a poetic synonym for Yisraʾel, stressing covenant lineage now desecrated.
4. וּמִקְדְּשֵׁי (u-miqdeshei) – Root: קדשׁ (qadash); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural construct from מִקְדָּשׁ; Translation: “and the sanctuaries of”; Notes: Denotes sacred spaces perverted into centers of idolatry.
5. יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: שרי (sarah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the northern kingdom subject to divine judgment for corruption and false worship.
6. יֶחֱרָבוּ (yekheravu) – Root: חרב (ḥarav); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “shall be laid waste”; Notes: Continues the theme of ruin—temples and sanctuaries will be destroyed.
7. וְקַמְתִּי (ve-qamti) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “and I will rise”; Notes: Expresses YHWH’s active intervention and personal involvement in executing judgment.
8. עַל־בֵּית (ʿal-beit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “against the house of”; Notes: Denotes opposition and hostility—YHWH’s judgment directed at a royal dynasty.
9. יָרָבְעָם (Yarovʿam) – Root: רבע (ravaʿ); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yarovʿam”; Notes: Refers to King Jeroboam II of Yisraʾel, symbolizing political leadership under divine indictment.
10. בֶּחָרֶב (be-ḥarev) – Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “with the sword”; Notes: A metonym for warfare or violent death, representing divine judgment through military means.