Amos 8:9

וְהָיָ֣ה בַּיֹּ֣ום הַה֗וּא נְאֻ֙ם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וְהֵבֵאתִ֥י הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ בַּֽצָּהֳרָ֑יִם וְהַחֲשַׁכְתִּ֥י לָאָ֖רֶץ בְּיֹ֥ום אֹֽור׃

And it shall be in that day,” declares the Lord YHWH, “that I will cause the sun to go down at noon, and I will darken the land in the day of light.

Morphology

1. וְהָיָה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it shall be”; Notes: Introduces a prophetic future event, a standard formula in prophecy.
2. בַּיֹּום (ba-yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the day”; Notes: Marks the specific time of the prophesied event.
3. הַהוּא (ha-hu) – Root: הוא (huʾ); Form: Definite demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “that”; Notes: Points to a particular, momentous day of judgment.
4. נְאֻם (neʾum) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “declaration”; Notes: A technical prophetic term introducing divine speech.
5. אֲדֹנָי (ʾAdonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun masculine plural of majesty used as singular; Translation: “Lord”; Notes: A title of divine authority paired with YHWH.
6. יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel.
7. וְהֵבֵאתִי (ve-heveiti) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hifil perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “and I will cause to come” / “I will bring”; Notes: The Hifil stem indicates causation—YHWH actively causes the sun to go down.
8. הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ (ha-shemesh) – Root: שׁמש (shemesh); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the sun”; Notes: A cosmic image symbolizing divine intervention in nature.
9. בַּצָּהֳרָיִם (ba-tzohorayim) – Root: צהר (tzohar); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine dual; Translation: “at noon”; Notes: The time of brightest daylight—darkening at noon intensifies the shock of judgment.
10. וְהַחֲשַׁכְתִּי (ve-hakhashakti) – Root: חשׁך (ḥashakh); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hifil perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “and I will darken”; Notes: Another causative verb—YHWH brings darkness upon the land.
11. לָאָרֶץ (la-ʾarets) – Root: ארץ (ʾarets); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to the land of Yisraʾel as the object of the darkness.
12. בְּיֹום (be-yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the day”; Notes: Specifies the temporal setting of the darkening.
13. אֹור (ʾor) – Root: אור (ʾor); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “light”; Notes: Contrasts sharply with the imposed darkness—daytime light turned to gloom.