Amos 9:2

אִם־יַחְתְּר֣וּ בִשְׁאֹ֔ול מִשָּׁ֖ם יָדִ֣י תִקָּחֵ֑ם וְאִֽם־יַעֲלוּ֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם מִשָּׁ֖ם אֹורִידֵֽם׃

If they dig into Sheʾol, from there My hand shall take them, and if they ascend to the heavens, from there I will bring them down.

Morphology

1. אִם (ʾim) – Root: אם (ʾim); Form: Conditional particle; Translation: “if”; Notes: Introduces a hypothetical condition.
2. יַחְתְּרוּ (yachtəru) – Root: חתר (ḥatar); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they dig”; Notes: Often used of digging or tunneling to escape.
3. בִשְׁאֹול (bi-sheʾol) – Root: שׁאול (sheʾol); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “into Sheʾol”; Notes: Sheʾol here represents the deepest place imaginable.
4. מִשָּׁם (mi-sham) – Root: שׁם (sham); Form: Preposition מִן + adverb; Translation: “from there”; Notes: Indicates that even from the depths YHWH retrieves them.
5. יָדִי (yadi) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun feminine singular + suffix 1st person singular; Translation: “My hand”; Notes: Symbolizes YHWH’s power and reach.
6. תִּקָּחֵם (tiqqachem) – Root: לקח (laqach); Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “shall take them”; Notes: Nifal here conveys decisive divine action.
7. וְאִם (ve-ʾim) – Root: אם (ʾim); Form: Conjunction וְ + conditional particle; Translation: “and if”; Notes: Introduces a parallel hypothetical scenario.
8. יַעֲלוּ (yaʿalu) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they ascend”; Notes: Refers to ascent to the highest heavens.
9. הַשָּׁמַיִם (ha-shamayim) – Root: שׁמה (shamah); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the heavens”; Notes: The highest conceivable place, opposite of Sheʾol.
10. מִשָּׁם (mi-sham) – Root: שׁם (sham); Form: Preposition מִן + adverb; Translation: “from there”; Notes: Repeated to parallel the previous clause.
11. אֹורִידֵם (ʾoridem) – Root: ירד (yarad); Form: Hifil imperfect 1st person singular + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “I will bring them down”; Notes: Hifil expresses causation—YHWH forces their descent even from the heavens.