וַיִּכְתֹּ֨ב עַֽל־הַלֻּחֹ֜ת כַּמִּכְתָּ֣ב הָרִאשֹׁ֗ון אֵ֚ת עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֲלֵיכֶ֥ם בָּהָ֛ר מִתֹּ֥וךְ הָאֵ֖שׁ בְּיֹ֣ום הַקָּהָ֑ל וַיִּתְּנֵ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָֽי׃
And He wrote on the tablets, as in the first writing, the ten words that YHWH spoke to you on the mountain out of the midst of the fire on the day of the assembly; and YHWH gave them to me.
Morphology
- וַיִּכְתֹּ֨ב (va-yikhtov) – Root: כתב (katav); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular (wayyiqtol); Translation: “And He wrote”; Notes: Refers to YHWH inscribing the tablets.
- עַֽל־ (ʿal-) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition; Translation: “on”; Notes: Indicates the surface where the writing occurred.
- הַלֻּחֹ֜ת (ha-luḥot) – Root: לוח (luḥ); Form: Noun, masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “the tablets”; Notes: Refers to the second set of stone tablets.
- כַּמִּכְתָּ֣ב (ka-mikhtav) – Root: כתב (katav); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with prefix; Translation: “as in the writing”; Notes: Refers to the original inscription on the first tablets.
- הָרִאשֹׁ֗ון (ha-rishon) – Root: ראשׁ (rosh); Form: Adjective, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the first”; Notes: Indicates the earlier tablets.
- אֵ֚ת (et) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: Not translated; Notes: Marks the definite object.
- עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת (ʿaseret) – Root: עשר (ʿeser); Form: Numeral, feminine singular construct; Translation: “the ten”; Notes: Refers to the Ten Commandments.
- הַדְּבָרִ֔ים (ha-devarim) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Noun, masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “words”; Notes: Refers to the commandments or statements.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- דִּבֶּר֩ (dibber) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He spoke”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s declaration.
- יְהוָ֨ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
- אֲלֵיכֶ֥ם (aleikhem) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Refers to the Israelites as the audience of YHWH’s words.
- בָּהָ֛ר (ba-har) – Root: הר (har); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “on the mountain”; Notes: Specifies the location where YHWH spoke.
- מִתֹּ֥וךְ (mi-tokh) – Root: תוך (tokh); Form: Preposition with noun; Translation: “out of the midst of”; Notes: Indicates the origin of the speech.
- הָאֵ֖שׁ (ha-esh) – Root: אש (ʾesh); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the fire”; Notes: Refers to the fiery manifestation of YHWH’s presence.
- בְּיֹ֣ום (be-yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “on the day”; Notes: Refers to the time of the assembly.
- הַקָּהָ֑ל (ha-qahal) – Root: קהל (qahal); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “of the assembly”; Notes: Refers to the gathering of Israel at Sinai.
- וַיִּתְּנֵ֥ם (va-yittenem) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular (wayyiqtol) with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and He gave them”; Notes: Refers to YHWH giving the tablets to Moses.
- יְהוָ֖ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
- אֵלָֽי׃ (elai) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “to me”; Notes: Refers to Moses as the recipient of the tablets.