שְׁמַ֣ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אַתָּ֨ה עֹבֵ֤ר הַיֹּום֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן לָבֹא֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת גֹּויִ֔ם גְּדֹלִ֥ים וַעֲצֻמִ֖ים מִמֶּ֑ךָּ עָרִ֛ים גְּדֹלֹ֥ת וּבְצֻרֹ֖ת בַּשָּׁמָֽיִם׃
Hear, Yisra’el: You are crossing the Yarden today to enter and possess nations greater and mightier than you, cities great and fortified up to the heavens.
Morphology
- שְׁמַ֣ע (shema) – Root: שמע (shama); Form: Qal imperative masculine singular; Translation: “Hear”; Notes: A command to give attentive listening.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל (Yisra’el) – Root: שׂרה (sarah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the nation of Israel.
- אַתָּ֨ה (atah) – Root: Pronoun; Form: 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You”; Notes: Refers to the addressed individual.
- עֹבֵ֤ר (over) – Root: עבר (avar); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “are crossing”; Notes: Describes continuous action.
- הַיֹּום֙ (hayom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “today”; Notes: Refers to the specific time of action.
- אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן (et-hayarden) – Root: ירד (yarad); Form: Proper noun with direct object marker; Translation: “the Yarden”; Notes: Refers to the Jordan River.
- לָבֹא֙ (lavo) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal infinitive construct with prefixed ל־; Translation: “to enter”; Notes: Indicates the purpose of crossing.
- לָרֶ֣שֶׁת (lareshet) – Root: ירשׁ (yarash); Form: Qal infinitive construct with prefixed ל־; Translation: “to possess”; Notes: Refers to taking ownership of the land.
- גֹּויִ֔ם (goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “nations”; Notes: Refers to groups of people.
- גְּדֹלִ֥ים (gedolim) – Root: גדל (gadal); Form: Adjective, masculine plural; Translation: “greater”; Notes: Describes their size or prominence.
- וַעֲצֻמִ֖ים (va’atzumim) – Root: עצם (atzam); Form: Adjective, masculine plural; Translation: “mightier”; Notes: Refers to their strength.
- מִמֶּ֑ךָּ (mimmekha) – Root: מן (min); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “than you”; Notes: Marks comparison.
- עָרִ֛ים (arim) – Root: עיר (ir); Form: Noun, feminine plural; Translation: “cities”; Notes: Refers to the habitations of the nations.
- גְּדֹלֹ֥ת (gedolot) – Root: גדל (gadal); Form: Adjective, feminine plural; Translation: “great”; Notes: Describes the size of the cities.
- וּבְצֻרֹ֖ת (uvtsurot) – Root: בצר (batsar); Form: Adjective, feminine plural; Translation: “fortified”; Notes: Refers to their strong defenses.
- בַּשָּׁמָֽיִם (bashamayim) – Root: שמים (shamayim); Form: Noun, masculine plural with prefixed ב־; Translation: “up to the heavens”; Notes: Hyperbolic expression of their height.