זְכֹר֙ אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֔ח אֵ֧ת אֲשֶׁר־הִקְצַ֛פְתָּ אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר לְמִן־הַיֹּ֞ום אֲשֶׁר־יָצָ֣אתָ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם עַד־בֹּֽאֲכֶם֙ עַד־הַמָּקֹ֣ום הַזֶּ֔ה מַמְרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם עִם־יְהוָֽה׃
Remember—do not forget—how you provoked YHWH your God to anger in the wilderness; from the day you came out of the land of Mitsrayim until you came to this place, you have been rebellious against YHWH.
Morphology
- זְכֹר֙ (zekhor) – Root: זכר (zakhar); Form: Qal imperative masculine singular; Translation: “Remember”; Notes: A command emphasizing the act of recalling or keeping in mind.
- אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֔ח (al-tish’kakh) – Root: שׁכח (shakach); Form: Negative particle + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “do not forget”; Notes: Paired with “remember” for emphasis.
- אֵ֧ת (et) – Root: את (et); Form: Definite direct object marker; Translation: (no direct English equivalent); Notes: Marks the object of the verb.
- אֲשֶׁר־הִקְצַ֛פְתָּ (asher-hiqtzafta) – Root: קצף (qatsaf); Form: Relative particle + Hifil perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “how you provoked to anger”; Notes: Describes deliberate provocation.
- אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה (et-YHWH) – Root: Divine Name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the covenant God.
- אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ (Elohekha) – Root: אלה (eloha); Form: Noun (masculine plural construct) + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your God”; Notes: Indicates personal relationship.
- בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר (ba’midbar) – Root: מדבר (midbar); Form: Preposition + noun (masculine singular absolute); Translation: “in the wilderness”; Notes: Refers to the desert journey of Israel.
- לְמִן־הַיֹּ֞ום (lemin-hayyom) – Root: מן (min); Form: Preposition + noun (masculine singular absolute); Translation: “from the day”; Notes: Indicates the starting point of the action.
- אֲשֶׁר־יָצָ֣אתָ (asher-yatsata) – Root: יצא (yatsa); Form: Relative particle + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “when you came out”; Notes: Refers to the Exodus from Mitsrayim.
- מֵאֶ֣רֶץ (me’erets) – Root: ארץ (erets); Form: Preposition + noun (feminine singular construct); Translation: “from the land of”; Notes: Refers to Mitsrayim.
- מִצְרַ֗יִם (Mitsrayim) – Root: מצר (mitsar); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Mitsrayim”; Notes: Refers to Egypt.
- עַד־בֹּֽאֲכֶם֙ (ad-bo’akhem) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “until you came”; Notes: Marks the endpoint of the action.
- עַד־הַמָּקֹ֣ום (ad-hamaqom) – Root: מקום (maqom); Form: Preposition + noun (masculine singular absolute); Translation: “to this place”; Notes: Refers to their current location.
- הַזֶּ֔ה (hazzeh) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun (masculine singular); Translation: “this”; Notes: Points to the specific location.
- מַמְרִ֥ים (mamrim) – Root: מרה (marah); Form: Hifil participle masculine plural absolute; Translation: “rebellious”; Notes: Indicates habitual disobedience.
- הֱיִיתֶ֖ם (heyitem) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you have been”; Notes: Refers to past behavior.
- עִם־יְהוָֽה׃ (im-YHWH) – Root: עם (im); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “against YHWH”; Notes: Indicates opposition or disobedience.