כַּבֵּ֥ד אֶת־אָבִ֖יךָ וְאֶת־אִמֶּ֑ךָ לְמַ֨עַן֙ יַאֲרִכ֣וּן יָמֶ֔יךָ עַ֚ל הָאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽךְ׃ ס
Honor your father and your mother, so that your days may be prolonged upon the land which YHWH your God is giving you.
Morphology
- כַּבֵּ֥ד (kabbed) – Root: כבד (k-b-d); Form: Verb, Piel, Imperative, 2ms; Translation: “Honor”; Notes: Indicates an imperative to show respect and esteem.
- אֶת־אָבִ֖יךָ (et-avikha) – Root: אב (ʾ-b); Form: Direct object marker + Noun, masculine singular construct + 2ms suffix; Translation: “Your father”; Notes: Refers to the paternal figure addressed.
- וְאֶת־אִמֶּ֑ךָ (ve-et-immekha) – Root: אם (ʾ-m); Form: Conjunction + Direct object marker + Noun, feminine singular construct + 2ms suffix; Translation: “And your mother”; Notes: Complements the command to honor both parents.
- לְמַ֨עַן֙ (lemaʿan) – Root: מען (m-ʿ-n); Form: Preposition; Translation: “So that”; Notes: Introduces the purpose or result of the command.
- יַאֲרִכ֣וּן (yaʾarikhun) – Root: ארך (ʾ-r-k); Form: Verb, Hiphil, Imperfect, 3mp; Translation: “May be prolonged”; Notes: Refers to the extension of life as a reward.
- יָמֶ֔יךָ (yamekha) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix; Translation: “Your days”; Notes: Refers to the lifespan of the addressed individual.
- עַ֚ל הָאֲדָמָ֔ה (ʿal ha-adamah) – Root: אדמה (ʾ-d-m-h); Form: Preposition + Noun, feminine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “Upon the land”; Notes: Refers to the promised land.
- אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה (asher-YHWH) – Root: אשר (ʾ-sh-r); Form: Relative pronoun + Proper noun; Translation: “Which YHWH”; Notes: Introduces the description of YHWH’s action.
- אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ (elohekha) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix; Translation: “Your God”; Notes: Personalizes the covenant relationship.
- נֹתֵ֥ן (noten) – Root: נתן (n-t-n); Form: Verb, Qal, Participle, masculine singular; Translation: “Is giving”; Notes: Indicates ongoing action of YHWH providing the land.
- לָֽךְ (lakh) – Root: N/A; Form: Preposition + 2ms suffix; Translation: “To you”; Notes: Emphasizes the recipient of the promise.