לֹֽ֣א תַֽעֲשֶׂ֨ה־לְךָ֥֣ פֶ֣֨סֶל֙ וְכָל־תְּמוּנָ֡֔ה אֲשֶׁ֤֣ר בַּשָּׁמַ֣֨יִם֙ מִמַּ֡֔עַל וַֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר֩ בָּאָ֖֨רֶץ מִתַָּ֑֜חַת וַאֲשֶׁ֥֣ר בַּמַּ֖֣יִם מִתַּ֥֣חַת לָאָֽ֗רֶץ׃
You shall not make for yourself a carved image or any likeness of anything that is in the heavens above, or on the earth beneath, or in the waters beneath the earth.
Morphology
- לֹֽ֣א (lo) – Root: N/A; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “Not”; Notes: Expresses prohibition.
- תַֽעֲשֶׂ֨ה־לְךָ֥֣ (taʿaseh-lekha) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2ms + Preposition + 2ms suffix; Translation: “You shall make for yourself”; Notes: Prohibits the act of crafting or creating.
- פֶ֣סֶל֙ (pesel) – Root: פסל (p-s-l); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Carved image”; Notes: Refers to idols or graven images.
- וְכָל־תְּמוּנָ֡֔ה (ve-khol-temunah) – Root: תמן (t-m-n); Form: Conjunction + Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “Or any likeness”; Notes: Encompasses all representations or forms.
- אֲשֶׁ֤ר (asher) – Root: N/A; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “That”; Notes: Introduces a descriptive clause.
- בַּשָּׁמַ֣֨יִם (ba-shamayim) – Root: שׁמם (sh-m-m); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine plural absolute; Translation: “In the heavens”; Notes: Refers to the sky or celestial realm.
- מִמַּ֡֔עַל (mi-maʿal) – Root: מעל (m-ʿ-l); Form: Preposition; Translation: “Above”; Notes: Indicates spatial positioning.
- וַֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר֩ (va-asher) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction + Relative pronoun; Translation: “Or that”; Notes: Continues the descriptive clause.
- בָּאָ֖֨רֶץ (ba-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ṣ); Form: Preposition + Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “On the earth”; Notes: Refers to the terrestrial realm.
- מִתַָּ֑֜חַת (mi-taḥat) – Root: תחת (t-ḥ-t); Form: Preposition; Translation: “Beneath”; Notes: Denotes location under the earth.
- וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר (va-asher) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction + Relative pronoun; Translation: “Or that”; Notes: Extends the clause further.
- בַּמַּ֖֣יִם (ba-mayim) – Root: מים (m-y-m); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine plural absolute; Translation: “In the waters”; Notes: Refers to aquatic locations.
- מִתַּ֥֣חַת (mi-taḥat) – Root: תחת (t-ḥ-t); Form: Preposition; Translation: “Beneath”; Notes: Indicates position under the waters.
- לָאָֽ֗רֶץ (la-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ṣ); Form: Preposition + Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “The earth”; Notes: Concludes the spatial descriptions.