אֵ֖לֶּה רָאשֵׁ֣י בֵית־אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּנֵ֨י רְאוּבֵ֜ן בְּכֹ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל חֲנֹ֤וךְ וּפַלּוּא֙ חֶצְרֹ֣ון וְכַרְמִ֔י אֵ֖לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ות רְאוּבֵֽן׃
These are the heads of their fathers’ houses: the sons of Re’uven, the firstborn of Yisra’el: Ḥanokh, and Pallu, Ḥetsron, and Karmi. These are the families of Re’uven.
Morphology
- אֵ֖לֶּה (ʾelleh) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, plural; Translation: “These”; Notes: Introduces the list of names.
- רָאשֵׁ֣י (rashei) – Root: ראש (r-ʾ-sh); Form: Noun, plural construct; Translation: “Heads of”; Notes: Indicates leaders or prominent members.
- בֵית־אֲבֹתָ֑ם (beit-avotam) – Root: בית (b-y-t), אב (ʾ-v); Form: Construct chain; Translation: “Their fathers’ houses”; Notes: Refers to familial lineages.
- בְּנֵ֨י (bene) – Root: בן (b-n); Form: Noun, plural construct; Translation: “The sons of”; Notes: Refers to descendants.
- רְאוּבֵ֜ן (Re’uven) – Root: ראה (r-ʾ-h), בן (b-n); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Re’uven”; Notes: The firstborn son of Yisra’el.
- בְּכֹ֣ר (bekhor) – Root: בכר (b-kh-r); Form: Noun, singular construct; Translation: “Firstborn”; Notes: Describes Re’uven’s status.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: שרר (s-r-r); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the patriarch of the Israelite tribes.
- חֲנֹ֤וךְ (Ḥanokh) – Root: חנך (ḥ-n-k); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Ḥanokh”; Notes: A son of Re’uven.
- וּפַלּוּא֙ (u-Pallu) – Root: פלא (p-l-ʾ); Form: Proper noun with conjunction; Translation: “And Pallu”; Notes: A son of Re’uven.
- חֶצְרֹ֣ון (Ḥetsron) – Root: חצר (ḥ-ts-r); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Ḥetsron”; Notes: A son of Re’uven.
- וְכַרְמִ֔י (ve-Karmi) – Root: כרם (k-r-m); Form: Proper noun with conjunction; Translation: “And Karmi”; Notes: A son of Re’uven.
- אֵ֖לֶּה (ʾelleh) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, plural; Translation: “These”; Notes: Refers to the aforementioned names.
- מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ות (mishpeḥot) – Root: שׁפח (sh-p-ḥ); Form: Noun, plural absolute; Translation: “Families of”; Notes: Denotes divisions or clans.
- רְאוּבֵֽן (Re’uven) – Root: ראה (r-ʾ-h), בן (b-n); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Re’uven”; Notes: Concludes the identification of Re’uven’s lineage.