וְֽיָדְע֞וּ כָּל־עֲצֵ֣י הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה כִּ֣י אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ הִשְׁפַּ֣לְתִּי עֵ֣ץ גָּבֹ֗הַ הִגְבַּ֨הְתִּי֙ עֵ֣ץ שָׁפָ֔ל הֹובַ֨שְׁתִּי֙ עֵ֣ץ לָ֔ח וְהִפְרַ֖חְתִּי עֵ֣ץ יָבֵ֑שׁ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבַּ֥רְתִּי וְעָשִֽׂיתִי׃ פ
And all the trees of the field shall know that I am YHWH: I brought low the high tree, I exalted the low tree, I dried the green tree, and I made the dry tree flourish. I am YHWH, I have spoken and I will do it.”
Morphology
- וְיָדְעוּ (ve-yadʿu) – Root: ידע; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person common plural with conjunction; Translation: “and they shall know”; Notes: Introduces recognition of divine sovereignty.
- כָּל־עֲצֵי (kol-ʿatsei) – Root: עץ; Form: Construct form plural with כָּל; Translation: “all the trees”; Notes: Represents nations or rulers metaphorically.
- הַשָּׂדֶה (ha-sadeh) – Root: שׂדה; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “of the field”; Notes: Figurative realm where nations stand.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the divine identity statement.
- אֲנִי (ʾani) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun 1st person singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: YHWH self-identifies as subject.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of Israel’s God.
- הִשְׁפַּלְתִּי (hishpalti) – Root: שׁפל; Form: Hiphil perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I brought low”; Notes: Describes YHWH’s act of humbling the exalted.
- עֵץ (ʿets) – Root: עץ; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “tree”; Notes: Metaphor for a king or nation.
- גָּבֹהַ (gavoah) – Root: גבה; Form: Adjective masculine singular absolute; Translation: “high”; Notes: Conveys pride and power.
- הִגְבַּהְתִּי (higbahti) – Root: גבה; Form: Hiphil perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I exalted”; Notes: Elevation of the humble.
- עֵץ (ʿets) – Root: עץ; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “tree”; Notes: Repeated for contrast.
- שָׁפָל (shafal) – Root: שׁפל; Form: Adjective masculine singular absolute; Translation: “low”; Notes: Describes the humbled tree/nation.
- הֹובַשְׁתִּי (hovashti) – Root: יבשׁ; Form: Hiphil perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I dried”; Notes: Divine act of withering.
- עֵץ (ʿets) – Root: עץ; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “tree”; Notes: Again part of repeated parallelism.
- לָח (laḥ) – Root: לח; Form: Adjective masculine singular absolute; Translation: “green”; Notes: Denotes vitality and prosperity.
- וְהִפְרַחְתִּי (ve-hifraḥti) – Root: פרח; Form: Hiphil perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “and I made flourish”; Notes: Causative, divine empowerment of life.
- עֵץ (ʿets) – Root: עץ; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “tree”; Notes: Third repetition for poetic emphasis.
- יָבֵשׁ (yavesh) – Root: יבשׁ; Form: Adjective masculine singular absolute; Translation: “dry”; Notes: Symbol of lifelessness, reversed by YHWH.
- אֲנִי (ʾani) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun; Translation: “I”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Affirmation of divine authority.
- דִּבַּרְתִּי (dibarti) – Root: דבר; Form: Piel perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I have spoken”; Notes: Prophetic declaration of certainty.
- וְעָשִׂיתִי (ve-ʿasiti) – Root: עשה; Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “and I will do it”; Notes: Divine guarantee of fulfillment.