עָנִ֤י וְאֶבְיֹון֙ הֹונָ֔ה גְּזֵלֹ֣ות גָּזָ֔ל חֲבֹ֖ל לֹ֣א יָשִׁ֑יב וְאֶל־הַגִּלּוּלִים֙ נָשָׂ֣א עֵינָ֔יו תֹּועֵבָ֖ה עָשָֽׂה׃
The poor and needy he oppressed, robberies he committed, a pledge he did not return, and to the idols he lifted his eyes, abomination he did.
Morphology
- עָנִי (ʿani) – Root: ענה; Form: Adjective/noun masculine singular; Translation: “poor”; Notes: Refers to one afflicted or destitute.
- וְאֶבְיֹון (ve-ʾevyon) – Root: אבה; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and needy”; Notes: Denotes one in want, dependent.
- הֹונָה (honah) – Root: הון; Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he oppressed”; Notes: Causative — inflicted hardship or wrong upon the vulnerable.
- גְּזֵלֹות (gǝzelot) – Root: גזל; Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “robberies”; Notes: Objects or acts of violent theft.
- גָּזָל (gazal) – Root: גזל; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he robbed”; Notes: Cognate accusative with “robberies,” intensifying the sense: “robberies he committed.”
- חֲבֹל (ḥavol) – Root: חבל; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a pledge”; Notes: Something taken as security for a debt.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the verb following.
- יָשִׁיב (yashiv) – Root: שׁוב; Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he returned”; Notes: Causative — to cause something to be restored.
- וְאֶל־ (ve-ʾel) – Root: אל; Form: Conjunction + preposition; Translation: “and to”; Notes: Introduces the object of devotion.
- הַגִּלּוּלִים (ha-gillulim) – Root: גלל; Form: Noun masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “the idols”; Notes: Derogatory term for idols, literally “dung-things.”
- נָשָׂא (nasaʾ) – Root: נשׂא; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he lifted”; Notes: Idiomatically refers to lifting eyes in worship or desire.
- עֵינָיו (ʿeinav) – Root: עין; Form: Noun feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his eyes”; Notes: Object of the verb “he lifted.”
- תֹּועֵבָה (toʿevah) – Root: תעב; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “abomination”; Notes: Refers to practices detestable to YHWH.
- עָשָׂה (ʿasah) – Root: עשׂה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he did”; Notes: Concludes with a summary act of committing abomination.