וְהִנֵּה֙ הֹולִ֣יד בֵּ֔ן וַיַּ֕רְא אֶת־כָּל־חַטֹּ֥את אָבִ֖יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה וַיִּרְאֶ֕ה וְלֹ֥א יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה כָּהֵֽן׃
And behold, he begets a son, and he sees all the sins of his father that he did, and he sees and does not do according to them.
Morphology
- וְהִנֵּה (ve-hinneh) – Root: הנה; Form: Conjunction + interjection; Translation: “and behold”; Notes: Introduces a noteworthy case or example.
- הֹולִיד (holid) – Root: ילד; Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he begot”; Notes: Causative stem — he fathered a son.
- בֵּן (ben) – Root: בן; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a son”; Notes: Object of “he begot.”
- וַיַּרְא (va-yarʾ) – Root: ראה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he saw”; Notes: Introduces the son’s moral awareness.
- אֶת־ (et) – Root: את; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: [not translated]; Notes: Marks the definite object of the verb “he saw.”
- כָּל־ (kol) – Root: כל; Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all of”; Notes: Governs the following plural noun.
- חַטֹּאת (ḥattoʾt) – Root: חטא; Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “sins”; Notes: Refers to moral and covenantal transgressions.
- אָבִיו (aviv) – Root: אב; Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his father”; Notes: Specifies the source of sinful actions.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that / which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause modifying “sins.”
- עָשָׂה (ʿasah) – Root: עשׂה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he did”; Notes: Refers to the sinful deeds of the father.
- וַיִּרְאֶה (va-yirʾeh) – Root: ראה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he saw”; Notes: Repetition emphasizes the son’s deliberate observation.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא; Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- יַעֲשֶׂה (yaʿaseh) – Root: עשׂה; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he does”; Notes: Expresses continuing or habitual refusal.
- כָּהֵן (ka-hen) – Root: כהן; Form: Preposition כְּ + demonstrative/adverbial particle; Translation: “according to them / like them”; Notes: Concludes with contrast — he does not imitate his father’s sins.