Ezekiel 18:16

וְאִישׁ֙ לֹ֣א הֹונָ֔ה חֲבֹל֙ לֹ֣א חָבָ֔ל וּגְזֵלָ֖ה לֹ֣א גָזָ֑ל לַחְמֹו֙ לְרָעֵ֣ב נָתָ֔ן וְעֵרֹ֖ום כִּסָּה־בָֽגֶד׃

And a man he did not oppress, a pledge he did not seize, and robbery he did not rob; his bread he gave to the hungry, and the naked he covered with a garment.

Morphology

1. וְאִישׁ (ve-ʾish) – Root: אישׁ; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and a man”; Notes: Refers broadly to fellow human beings.
2. לֹא (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
3. הֹונָה (honah) – Root: הון; Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he oppressed”; Notes: Denotes economic or social exploitation.
4. חֲבֹל (ḥavol) – Root: חבל; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a pledge”; Notes: Property taken as security for debt.
5. לֹא (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
6. חָבָל (ḥaval) – Root: חבל; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he seized”; Notes: Refers to taking pledges unjustly; cognate with the noun “pledge.”
7. וּגְזֵלָה (u-gezelah) – Root: גזל; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and robbery”; Notes: Refers to theft with violence.
8. לֹא (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
9. גָזָל (gazal) – Root: גזל; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he robbed”; Notes: Cognate accusative with “robbery,” intensifying: “robbery he did not rob.”
10. לַחְמֹו (laḥmo) – Root: לחם; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his bread”; Notes: Refers to his food supply.
11. לְרָעֵב (le-raʿev) – Root: רעב; Form: Preposition + Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “to the hungry”; Notes: Refers to those in need of sustenance.
12. נָתָן (natan) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he gave”; Notes: Highlights generosity toward the poor.
13. וְעֵרֹם (ve-ʿerom) – Root: ערם; Form: Conjunction + adjective/noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the naked”; Notes: Denotes one without clothing or protection.
14. כִּסָּה (kissah) – Root: כסס; Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he covered”; Notes: Piel intensifies — fully covering, providing clothing.
15. בָגֶד (beged) – Root: בגד; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a garment”; Notes: Refers to clothing provided to the naked.