מֵעָנִ֞י הֵשִׁ֣יב יָדֹ֗ו נֶ֤שֶׁךְ וְתַרְבִּית֙ לֹ֣א לָקָ֔ח מִשְׁפָּטַ֣י עָשָׂ֔ה בְּחֻקֹּותַ֖י הָלָ֑ךְ ה֗וּא לֹ֥א יָמ֛וּת בַּעֲוֹ֥ן אָבִ֖יו חָיֹ֥ה יִחְיֶֽה׃
From the poor he has withdrawn his hand, interest and increase he has not taken, My judgments he has done, in My statutes he has walked; he shall not die in the iniquity of his father, living he shall live.
Morphology
- מֵעָנִי (me-ʿani) – Root: ענה; Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from the poor”; Notes: Refers to one afflicted or destitute.
- הֵשִׁיב (heshiv) – Root: שׁוב; Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he withdrew”; Notes: Causative, meaning to turn back or restrain one’s hand.
- יָדֹו (yado) – Root: יד; Form: Noun feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his hand”; Notes: Represents power or action.
- נֶשֶׁךְ (neshekh) – Root: נשׁך; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “interest”; Notes: Refers to usury, monetary exploitation.
- וְתַרְבִּית (ve-tarbit) – Root: רבה; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and increase”; Notes: Parallel to interest, unjust gain from lending.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- לָקָח (laqach) – Root: לקח; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he took”; Notes: Refers to receiving interest or profit unjustly.
- מִשְׁפָּטַי (mishpatai) – Root: שׁפט; Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “My judgments”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s ordinances and legal rulings.
- עָשָׂה (ʿasah) – Root: עשׂה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he did”; Notes: Refers to obedience to YHWH’s legal commands.
- בְּחֻקֹּותַי (be-ḥuqqotai) – Root: חקק; Form: Preposition + noun feminine plural construct + 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “in My statutes”; Notes: Refers to decrees or fixed ordinances.
- הָלָךְ (halakh) – Root: הלך; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he walked”; Notes: Metaphor for manner of life or conduct.
- הוּא (hu) – Root: הוא; Form: Independent pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “he”; Notes: Stresses subject emphasis.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- יָמוּת (yamut) – Root: מות; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he shall die”; Notes: Here negated — “he shall not die.”
- בַּעֲוֹן (ba-ʿavon) – Root: עון; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the iniquity”; Notes: Refers to guilt or punishment of sin.
- אָבִיו (aviv) – Root: אב; Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his father”; Notes: Specifies that guilt is not inherited.
- חָיֹה (ḥayoh) – Root: חי; Form: Infinitive absolute Qal; Translation: “living”; Notes: Used for emphasis, intensifying the following verb.
- יִחְיֶה (yiḥyeh) – Root: חי; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he shall live”; Notes: Main clause — stresses certainty of life.