הֵאָנֵ֣ק דֹּ֗ם מֵתִים֙ אֵ֣בֶל לֹֽא־תַֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה פְאֵֽרְךָ֙ חֲבֹ֣ושׁ עָלֶ֔יךָ וּנְעָלֶ֖יךָ תָּשִׂ֣ים בְּרַגְלֶ֑יךָ וְלֹ֤א תַעְטֶה֙ עַל־שָׂפָ֔ם וְלֶ֥חֶם אֲנָשִׁ֖ים לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽל׃
Sigh in silence, mourning for the dead you shall not do. Bind your turban upon you, and put your sandals on your feet, and you shall not cover your mustache, and the bread of men you shall not eat.
Morphology
- הֵאָנֵק (heʾanek) – Root: אנק (ʾanaq); Form: Niphal imperative 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “Sigh”; Notes: Command to groan or sigh deeply.
- דֹּם (dom) – Root: דםם (damam); Form: Imperative masculine singular; Translation: “be silent”; Notes: Modifies the manner of sighing—quietly, without loud lament.
- מֵתִים (metim) – Root: מות (mut); Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “dead”; Notes: Refers to the deceased, the context of mourning.
- אֵבֶל (ʾevel) – Root: אבל (ʾaval); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “mourning”; Notes: Technical term for ritual mourning.
- לֹא־תַעֲשֶׂה (lo-taʿaseh) – Root: עשׂה (ʿasah); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular with negative particle; Translation: “you shall not do”; Notes: Prohibition of customary mourning rituals.
- פְאֵרְךָ (feʾerkha) – Root: פאר (paʾar); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your turban”; Notes: Refers to priestly or ornamental headdress.
- חֲבֹושׁ (ḥavosh) – Root: חבשׁ (ḥavash); Form: Qal imperative 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “bind”; Notes: Instruction to keep the turban on as normal, not removed in grief.
- עָלֶיךָ (ʿalekha) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition עַל + second person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “upon you”; Notes: Locative phrase for wearing the turban.
- וּנְעָלֶיךָ (u-neʿalekha) – Root: נעל (naʿal); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix with prefixed ו; Translation: “and your sandals”; Notes: Retention of footwear, contrary to mourning practice.
- תָּשִׂים (tasim) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall put”; Notes: Action of wearing sandals on the feet.
- בְּרַגְלֶיךָ (be-raglekha) – Root: רגל (regel); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “on your feet”; Notes: Literal placement of sandals.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Begins prohibition clause.
- תַעְטֶה (taʿteh) – Root: עטה (ʿatah); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall cover”; Notes: Refers to customary face-covering during mourning.
- עַל־שָׂפָם (ʿal-safam) – Root: שׂפה (safah); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine singular; Translation: “upon the mustache”; Notes: Covering the upper lip was a mourning practice.
- וְלֶחֶם (ve-leḥem) – Root: לחם (leḥem); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “and bread”; Notes: Symbolic of food provided to mourners.
- אֲנָשִׁים (ʾanashim) – Root: אישׁ (ʾish); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “of men”; Notes: Refers to communal provision of food in mourning.
- לֹא (lo) – Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Prohibition marker.
- תֹאכֵל (toʾkhel) – Root: אכל (ʾakhal); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall eat”; Notes: Restriction against consuming bread of mourners.