וּפְאֵרֵכֶ֣ם עַל־רָאשֵׁיכֶ֗ם וְנַֽעֲלֵיכֶם֙ בְּרַגְלֵיכֶ֔ם לֹ֥א תִסְפְּד֖וּ וְלֹ֣א תִבְכּ֑וּ וּנְמַקֹּתֶם֙ בַּעֲוֹנֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וּנְהַמְתֶּ֖ם אִ֥ישׁ אֶל־אָחִֽיו׃
And your adornment shall be upon your heads, and your sandals upon your feet; you shall not mourn, and you shall not weep, but you shall waste away in your iniquities, and groan one to another.
Morphology
- וּפְאֵרֵכֶם (u-feʾerekhem) – Root: פאר (paʾar); Form: Conjunction ו + noun masculine singular construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and your adornment”; Notes: Refers to festive headgear or ornamentation.
- עַל־רָאשֵׁיכֶם (ʿal-roshekhem) – Root: ראשׁ (rosh); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “upon your heads”; Notes: Position of adornment.
- וְנַעֲלֵיכֶם (ve-naʿalekhem) – Root: נעל (naʿal); Form: Conjunction ו + noun feminine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and your sandals”; Notes: Footwear remains on, contrary to mourning custom.
- בְּרַגְלֵיכֶם (be-ragleikhem) – Root: רגל (regel); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “upon your feet”; Notes: Reinforces unusual prohibition of removing sandals during mourning.
- לֹא (lo) – Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Marks prohibition.
- תִסְפְּדוּ (tispedu) – Root: ספד (safad); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you shall mourn”; Notes: Public lamentation is forbidden.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Form: Conjunction ו + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Joins prohibitions.
- תִבְכּוּ (tivku) – Root: בכה (bakah); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you shall weep”; Notes: Forbids tears and grief.
- וּנְמַקֹּתֶם (u-nemakkotem) – Root: נמק (namak); Form: Conjunction ו + Niphal perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “but you shall waste away”; Notes: Points to inward wasting due to sin.
- בַּעֲוֹנֹתֵיכֶם (ba-ʿavonotekhem) – Root: עון (ʿavon); Form: Preposition ב + noun masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “in your iniquities”; Notes: The cause of their decay and judgment.
- וּנְהַמְתֶּם (u-nehamtem) – Root: נהם (naham); Form: Conjunction ו + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “and you shall groan”; Notes: Expresses sound of despair and suffering.
- אִישׁ (ʾish) – Root: אישׁ (ʾish); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “a man”; Notes: Subject of reciprocal groaning.
- אֶל־אָחִיו (el-aḥiv) – Root: אח (ʾaḥ); Form: Preposition אֶל + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to his brother”; Notes: Indicates mutual grieving between individuals.