Ezekiel 32:30

שָׁ֣מָּה נְסִיכֵ֥י צָפֹ֛ון כֻּלָּ֖ם וְכָל־צִֽדֹנִ֑י אֲשֶׁר־יָרְד֣וּ אֶת־חֲלָלִ֗ים בְּחִתִּיתָ֤ם מִגְבֽוּרָתָם֙ בֹּושִׁ֔ים וַיִּשְׁכְּב֤וּ עֲרֵלִים֙ אֶת־חַלְלֵי־חֶ֔רֶב וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ כְלִמָּתָ֖ם אֶת־יֹ֥ורְדֵי בֹֽור׃

There are the princes of the north, all of them, and all the Tsidonites, who have gone down with the slain; in their terror they are ashamed of their might, and they lie uncircumcised with those slain by the sword, and they bear their shame with those who go down to the pit.

Morphology

1. שָׁמָּה (shammah) – Root: שם (sham); Form: Adverb of place with paragogic ־ָה; Translation: “there”; Notes: Introduces another group found among the dead in Sheol.
2. נְסִיכֵי (nesikhei) – Root: נשׂך (nasakh); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “princes of”; Notes: Refers to leaders or rulers; often denotes political or royal officials.
3. צָפֹון (tsafon) – Root: צפן (tsafan); Form: Proper noun or directional noun masculine singular; Translation: “the north”; Notes: Refers to northern nations or regions, possibly Syria, Anatolia, or Phoenicia.
4. כֻּלָּם (kullam) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun/adjective masculine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “all of them”; Notes: Emphasizes the inclusiveness of the judgment—no northern ruler is exempt.
5. וְכָל־ (ve-khol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “and all of”; Notes: Adds another group (the Tsidonites) to the list of those judged.
6. צִדֹנִי (tsidoni) – Root: צידון (Tsidon); Form: Noun proper / gentilic singular; Translation: “Tsidonites”; Notes: Refers to the people of Tsidon (Sidon), a prominent Phoenician city, often condemned for pride and idolatry.
7. אֲשֶׁר־ (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces a descriptive relative clause about those who have gone down to Sheol.
8. יָרְדוּ (yardu) – Root: ירד (yarad); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they went down”; Notes: Idiomatic for descending to the grave or underworld, expressing the fate of death.
9. אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: “(marks the direct object)”; Notes: Introduces the phrase “the slain.”
10. חֲלָלִים (ḥalalim) – Root: חלל (ḥalal); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “slain ones”; Notes: Refers to those killed in warfare—lying dead in Sheol.
11. בְּחִתִּיתָם (be-ḥittitam) – Root: חתת (ḥatat); Form: Preposition בְ + noun feminine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “in their terror”; Notes: Indicates the state or emotion that accompanied their downfall—paralyzing fear.
12. מִגְבוּרָתָם (migvuratam) – Root: גבר (gavar); Form: Preposition מִן + noun feminine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “because of their might”; Notes: Expresses the cause of their pride and subsequent shame—their former strength or valor.
13. בֹּושִׁים (boshim) – Root: בושׁ (bosh); Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “they are ashamed”; Notes: Reflects humiliation and disgrace after divine judgment.
14. וַיִּשְׁכְּבוּ (va-yishkevu) – Root: שׁכב (shakav); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they lay / rested”; Notes: Typical idiom for death or burial, indicating their final position in Sheol.
15. עֲרֵלִים (ʿarelim) – Root: ערל (ʿarel); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “uncircumcised”; Notes: Refers to pagan nations outside YHWH’s covenant, considered ritually impure.
16. אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: “(marks the direct object)”; Notes: Introduces the phrase “the slain of the sword.”
17. חַלְלֵי־ (ḥalalei) – Root: חלל (ḥalal); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “slain of”; Notes: Forms a construct phrase with “sword,” meaning “slain by the sword.”
18. חֶרֶב (ḥerev) – Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “the sword”; Notes: Symbolic of divine vengeance and military destruction.
19. וַיִּשְׂאוּ (va-yisʾu) – Root: נשא (nasaʾ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they bore / carried”; Notes: Refers to carrying guilt, shame, or dishonor as a lasting condition.
20. כְלִמָּתָם (kelimmatam) – Root: כלם (kalam); Form: Noun feminine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “their shame”; Notes: Denotes humiliation resulting from divine retribution.
21. אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: “(marks the direct object)”; Notes: Marks “those who go down” as the object of the verb “they bore.”
22. יֹרְדֵי (yordei) – Root: ירד (yarad); Form: Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “those who go down”; Notes: Describes the dead descending into Sheol.
23. בֹור (bor) – Root: בור (bor); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “pit”; Notes: Represents Sheol, the underworld, or the collective grave of nations.