Ezekiel 32:29

שָׁ֣מָּה אֱדֹ֗ום מְלָכֶ֨יהָ֙ וְכָל־נְשִׂיאֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁר־נִתְּנ֥וּ בִגְבוּרָתָ֖ם אֶת־חַלְלֵי־חָ֑רֶב הֵ֛מָּה אֶת־עֲרֵלִ֥ים יִשְׁכָּ֖בוּ וְאֶת־יֹ֥רְדֵי בֹֽור׃

There is Edom, her kings, and all her princes, who were laid with their might among those slain by the sword; they shall lie with the uncircumcised, and with those who go down to the pit.

Morphology

1. שָׁמָּה (shammah) – Root: שם (sham); Form: Adverb of place with paragogic ־ָה; Translation: “there”; Notes: Locative adverb marking the presence of Edom among the nations in Sheol.
2. אֱדֹום (ʾEdom) – Root: אדם (ʾadam); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Edom”; Notes: Refers to the nation descended from Esav, representing a long-standing enemy of Yisraʾel.
3. מְלָכֶיהָ (melakheha) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “her kings”; Notes: Denotes the royal leaders of Edom, all of whom share in the same fate of death.
4. וְכָל־ (ve-khol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “and all of”; Notes: Connects “her kings” with “her princes,” forming a complete group.
5. נְשִׂיאֶיהָ (nesiʾeha) – Root: נשא (nasaʾ); Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “her princes”; Notes: Political or tribal leaders, emphasizing the comprehensive downfall of Edom’s elite.
6. אֲשֶׁר־ (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who / that”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause describing those laid down among the slain.
7. נִתְּנ֥וּ (nittnu) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “were laid / were given”; Notes: Passive form indicating being placed among the slain—divine or military appointment to death.
8. בִגְבוּרָתָם (bigvuratam) – Root: גבר (gavar); Form: Preposition בְ + noun feminine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “with their might”; Notes: Ironically emphasizes their power, which could not save them from destruction.
9. אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: “(marks the direct object)”; Notes: Introduces the object of the verb “were laid”—those slain by the sword.
10. חַלְלֵי־ (ḥalalei) – Root: חלל (ḥalal); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “slain of”; Notes: In construct with “sword,” forming the expression “slain by the sword.”
11. חָרֶב (ḥerev) – Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “the sword”; Notes: Symbol of violent death and divine retribution.
12. הֵמָּה (hemmah) – Root: הם (hem); Form: Independent pronoun masculine plural; Translation: “they”; Notes: Serves as the subject of the following clause, reinforcing their personal accountability.
13. אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: “(marks the direct object)”; Notes: Introduces the phrase “the uncircumcised.”
14. עֲרֵלִים (ʿarelim) – Root: ערל (ʿarel); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “uncircumcised”; Notes: Refers to pagan nations outside the covenant community of YHWH, now sharing the same fate.
15. יִשְׁכָּבוּ (yishkavu) – Root: שׁכב (shakav); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall lie / rest”; Notes: Commonly used for resting in death or burial, showing equality in mortality.
16. וְאֶת־ (ve-ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Conjunction וְ + direct object marker; Translation: “and with”; Notes: Connects the uncircumcised with those who descend to Sheol.
17. יֹרְדֵי (yordei) – Root: ירד (yarad); Form: Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “those who go down”; Notes: Refers to the dead descending to the underworld, Sheol.
18. בֹור (bor) – Root: בור (bor); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “pit”; Notes: Metaphor for Sheol, the grave, or the underworld where all the dead reside.