לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה אֲנִ֖י נָשָׂ֣אתִי אֶת־יָדִ֑י אִם־לֹ֤א הַגֹּויִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָכֶ֣ם מִסָּבִ֔יב הֵ֖מָּה כְּלִמָּתָ֥ם יִשָּֽׂאוּ׃
Therefore, thus says my Lord YHWH: ‘I have lifted up my hand; surely the nations that are around you, they shall bear their own shame.
Morphology
- לָכֵן (lakhen) – Root: כן (ken); Form: Adverb; Translation: “Therefore”; Notes: Introduces a conclusion or divine oath based on preceding judgment.
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: —; Form: Demonstrative particle; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Introduces the divine speech formula.
- אָמַר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has said”; Notes: Standard prophetic formula introducing YHWH’s declaration.
- אֲדֹנָי (Adonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun masculine plural of majesty; Translation: “my Lord”; Notes: Title emphasizing divine authority and lordship.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The personal covenant name of Israel’s God.
- אֲנִי (ʾani) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun 1st person singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphasizes YHWH Himself as the speaker and actor.
- נָשָׂאתִי (nasaʾti) – Root: נשא (nasaʾ); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I have lifted up”; Notes: Idiomatically refers to taking an oath, often accompanied by the gesture of raising the hand.
- אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Marks “my hand” as the direct object of the verb.
- יָדִי (yadi) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun feminine singular + suffix 1st person singular; Translation: “my hand”; Notes: Symbol of divine power or oath-taking gesture.
- אִם־לֹא (ʾim-lo) – Root: —; Form: Conditional particle + negative particle; Translation: “surely”; Notes: Oath formula meaning “truly” or “indeed,” expressing certainty.
- הַגֹּויִם (ha-goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the nations”; Notes: Refers to Gentile nations hostile to Yisraʾel.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the relative clause describing the nations surrounding Yisraʾel.
- לָכֶם (la-khem) – Root: —; Form: Preposition לְ + pronominal suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Indicates relation or proximity to Yisraʾel.
- מִסָּבִיב (mi-saviv) – Root: סבב (savav); Form: Preposition מִן + adverb/noun; Translation: “around”; Notes: Indicates geographical surroundings.
- הֵמָּה (hema) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they”; Notes: Functions as a subject marker emphasizing contrast (“they themselves”).
- כְּלִמָּתָם (kelimmatam) – Root: כלם (kalam); Form: Noun feminine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “their shame”; Notes: Refers to the disgrace or humiliation the nations will bear.
- יִשָּׂאוּ (yissaʾu) – Root: נשא (nasaʾ); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall bear”; Notes: Indicates a future consequence—bearing their own reproach as punishment.