כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה רַב־לָכֶם֙ נְשִׂיאֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל חָמָ֤ס וָשֹׁד֙ הָסִ֔ירוּ וּמִשְׁפָּ֥ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה עֲשׂ֑וּ הָרִ֤ימוּ גְרֻשֹֽׁתֵיכֶם֙ מֵעַ֣ל עַמִּ֔י נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃
Thus says the Lord YHWH: “Enough for you, O princes of Yisraʾel! Remove violence and spoil, and do judgment and righteousness. Take away your expulsions from upon My people,” declares the Lord YHWH.
Morphology
- כֹּה־אָמַר (koh-ʾamar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Adverb + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Thus says”; Notes: Standard prophetic formula introducing divine speech.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun masculine plural in construct (plural of majesty); Translation: “Lord”; Notes: A reverential title referring to YHWH’s sovereign authority.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of Israel’s God, translated here as “YHWH.”
- רַב־לָכֶם (rav-lakhem) – Root: רבב (ravav); Form: Adjective masculine singular construct + preposition לְ + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “Enough for you”; Notes: A rebuke calling for an end to excessive wrongdoing or corruption.
- נְשִׂיאֵי (nesiʾei) – Root: נשא (nasaʾ); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “princes of”; Notes: Refers to leaders or rulers of Yisraʾel responsible for justice and governance.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the covenant people or the nation as a whole.
- חָמָס (ḥamas) – Root: חמס (ḥamas); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “violence”; Notes: Conveys moral corruption, oppression, or unjust gain.
- וָשֹׁד (va-shod) – Root: שׁדד (shadad); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and spoil”; Notes: Refers to plunder or destruction caused by exploitation.
- הָסִירוּ (hasiru) – Root: סור (sur); Form: Hifil imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “remove”; Notes: Command to cease oppressive and violent actions.
- וּמִשְׁפָּט (u-mishpat) – Root: שׁפט (shafat); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and judgment”; Notes: Represents just governance and fair legal order.
- וּצְדָקָה (u-tzedakah) – Root: צדק (tsadaq); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and righteousness”; Notes: Refers to moral integrity and equitable treatment.
- עֲשׂוּ (ʿasu) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “do”; Notes: Command to actively practice justice and righteousness.
- הָרִימוּ (harimu) – Root: רום (rum); Form: Hifil imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “lift up” or “take away”; Notes: Here meaning to remove or end the act of eviction or oppression.
- גְרֻשֹׁתֵיכֶם (gerushoteikhem) – Root: גרשׁ (garash); Form: Noun feminine plural + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “your expulsions”; Notes: Refers metaphorically to acts of dispossessing or driving away the people from their land.
- מֵעַל (me-ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition מִן + preposition עַל; Translation: “from upon”; Notes: Denotes removal from authority or oppression over someone.
- עַמִּי (ʿammi) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 1st person singular; Translation: “My people”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s covenant community whom He protects.
- נְאֻם (neʾum) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “utterance” or “declaration”; Notes: Formula introducing or concluding divine speech.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun masculine plural in construct (plural of majesty); Translation: “Lord”; Notes: Denotes authority and sovereignty.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name, reaffirming divine authority over Yisraʾel’s rulers.