וְעַל־הַנַּ֣חַל יַעֲלֶ֣ה עַל־שְׂפָתֹ֣ו מִזֶּ֣ה וּמִזֶּ֣ה כָּל־עֵֽץ־֠מַאֲכָל לֹא־יִבֹּ֨ול עָלֵ֜הוּ וְלֹֽא־יִתֹּ֣ם פִּרְיֹ֗ו לָֽחֳדָשָׁיו֙ יְבַכֵּ֔ר כִּ֣י מֵימָ֔יו מִן־הַמִּקְדָּ֖שׁ הֵ֣מָּה יֹֽוצְאִ֑ים וְהָיָ֤ה פִרְיֹו֙ לְמַֽאֲכָ֔ל וְעָלֵ֖הוּ לִתְרוּפָֽה׃ ס
And by the river, on its bank, on this side and on that side, shall grow every tree for food; its leaf shall not wither, nor shall its fruit fail. Each month it shall bring forth new fruit, for its waters flow from the sanctuary, and its fruit shall be for food, and its leaf for healing.
Morphology
- וְעַל־הַנַּחַל (ve-ʿal-ha-naḥal) – Root: נָחַל (naḥal); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition עַל + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “and by the river”; Notes: Marks the location along the riverbank.
- יַעֲלֶה (yaʿaleh) – Root: עָלָה (ʿalah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall grow up”; Notes: Describes vegetation springing forth naturally by the water’s flow.
- עַל־שְׂפָתוֹ (ʿal-sefatō) – Root: שָׂפָה (safah); Form: Preposition עַל + noun feminine singular construct + suffix 3ms; Translation: “on its bank”; Notes: Indicates the exact placement of the trees along the river’s edge.
- מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה (mi-zeh u-mi-zeh) – Root: זֶה (zeh); Form: Repetition of preposition מִן + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “on this side and on that side”; Notes: Balanced expression emphasizing abundance on both banks.
- כָּל־עֵץ־מַאֲכָל (kol-ʿets-maʾakhal) – Root: עֵץ (ʿets), אָכַל (ʾakhal); Form: Compound construct chain: “every tree of food”; Translation: “every tree for food”; Notes: Refers to all kinds of fruit-bearing trees providing sustenance.
- לֹא־יִבֹּול (lo-yibbol) – Root: נָבַל (naval); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with negative particle לֹא; Translation: “shall not wither”; Notes: Denies decay or withering, indicating perpetual freshness.
- עָלֵהוּ (ʿalēhu) – Root: עָלֶה (ʿaleh); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3ms; Translation: “its leaf”; Notes: Refers to the leaves of the trees beside the river.
- וְלֹא־יִתֹּם (ve-lo-yittom) – Root: תָּמַם (tamam); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with conjunction וְ + negative particle לֹא; Translation: “nor shall fail”; Notes: Indicates uninterrupted fruit-bearing.
- פִּרְיֹו (piryō) – Root: פְּרִי (peri); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + suffix 3ms; Translation: “its fruit”; Notes: Denotes continual productivity symbolizing divine blessing.
- לָחֳדָשָׁיו (la-ḥodashav) – Root: חֹדֶשׁ (ḥodesh); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural construct + suffix 3ms; Translation: “according to its months”; Notes: Suggests monthly renewal of fruit.
- יְבַכֵּר (yevakker) – Root: בָּכַר (bakhar); Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “it shall bring forth early”; Notes: Expresses the constant bearing of new fruit each month.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כִּי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces reason or cause of the preceding statement.
- מֵימָיו (meimav) – Root: מַיִם (mayim); Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 3ms; Translation: “its waters”; Notes: Refers to the life-giving river sustaining the trees.
- מִן־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ (min-ha-miqdash) – Root: קָדַשׁ (qadash); Form: Preposition מִן + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “from the sanctuary”; Notes: Indicates the divine origin of the waters flowing from the Temple.
- הֵמָּה (hemah) – Root: הֵמָּה (hemah); Form: Independent pronoun masculine plural; Translation: “they”; Notes: Refers to the waters themselves as the active source of life.
- יֹוצְאִים (yōtsʾīm) – Root: יָצָא (yatsaʾ); Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “are going out”; Notes: Continuous action of water flowing from the sanctuary.
- וְהָיָה (ve-hayah) – Root: הָיָה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect with waw-consecutive (converted imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and it shall be”; Notes: Introduces a result clause regarding the trees’ products.
- פִרְיֹו (piryō) – Root: פְּרִי (peri); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + suffix 3ms; Translation: “its fruit”; Notes: Object of the predicate referring to nourishment.
- לְמַאֲכָל (le-maʾakhal) – Root: אָכַל (ʾakhal); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for food”; Notes: States the purpose of the fruit as sustenance.
- וְעָלֵהוּ (ve-ʿalēhu) – Root: עָלֶה (ʿaleh); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular + suffix 3ms; Translation: “and its leaf”; Notes: Introduces the second purpose of the tree’s leaves.
- לִתְרוּפָה (li-trufah) – Root: רָפָא (raphaʾ); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “for healing”; Notes: Indicates medicinal or restorative use, signifying divine health and renewal.