וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ הָרֵי֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר־אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְ֠הוִה לֶהָרִ֨ים וְלַגְּבָעֹ֜ות לָאֲפִיקִ֣ים וְלַגָּאִ֗ים הִנְנִ֨י אֲנִ֜י מֵבִ֤יא עֲלֵיכֶם֙ חֶ֔רֶב וְאִבַּדְתִּ֖י בָּמֹֽותֵיכֶֽם׃
And you shall say, ‘O mountains of Yisraʾel, hear the word of my Lord YHWH! Thus says my Lord YHWH to the mountains and to the hills, to the ravines and to the valleys: “Behold, I, I am bringing upon you a sword, and I will destroy your high places.
Morphology
- וְאָמַרְתָּ (veʾamarta) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular with vav consecutive; Translation: “And you shall say”; Notes: Addressed to the prophet, instructing him to proclaim.
- הָרֵי (harei) – Root: הר (har); Form: Noun masculine plural construct with definite article; Translation: “O mountains of”; Notes: Construct state linking to Yisraʾel.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the nation, personified by its geography.
- שִׁמְעוּ (shimʿu) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “hear”; Notes: Command directed to the mountains, a prophetic device.
- דְּבַר (devar) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “the word of”; Notes: In construct with Adonai YHWH.
- אֲדֹנָי (Adonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Proper noun (divine title); Translation: “my Lord”; Notes: Used as a reverential title for YHWH.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hawah); Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: particle; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Standard prophetic introduction.
- אָמַר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: Formula introducing divine speech.
- אֲדֹנָי (Adonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Proper noun (divine title); Translation: “my Lord”; Notes: As above, paired with YHWH.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hawah); Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Emphasizing authority of the message.
- לֶהָרִים (le-harim) – Root: הר (har); Form: Preposition ל + noun masculine plural; Translation: “to the mountains”; Notes: Direct object of divine address.
- וְלַגְּבָעֹות (ve-la-gevʿot) – Root: גבעה (givʿah); Form: Conjunction + preposition ל + definite noun feminine plural; Translation: “and to the hills”; Notes: Parallel with mountains, emphasizing topography.
- לָאֲפִיקִים (la-ʾafiqim) – Root: אפיק (ʾafiq); Form: Preposition ל + noun masculine plural; Translation: “to the ravines”; Notes: Low-lying channels or streams.
- וְלַגָּאִים (ve-la-gaʾim) – Root: גיא (gayʾ); Form: Conjunction + preposition ל + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “and to the valleys”; Notes: Completes the topographical picture.
- הִנְנִי (hineni) – Root: הנה (hinneh); Form: Interjection + 1st person singular pronoun suffix; Translation: “Behold, I”; Notes: Emphasizes divine resolve and immediacy.
- אֲנִי (ʾani) – Root: pronoun; Form: Independent pronoun 1st person singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Doubling for emphasis: “I, I.”
- מֵבִיא (meviʾ) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Hiphil participle masculine singular; Translation: “am bringing”; Notes: Causative stem highlights YHWH as the agent of action.
- עֲלֵיכֶם (ʿaleikhem) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “upon you”; Notes: Refers back to the mountains and hills personified.
- חֶרֶב (ḥerev) – Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “a sword”; Notes: Symbol of judgment and war.
- וְאִבַּדְתִּי (veʾibbadti) – Root: אבד (ʾavad); Form: Piel perfect 1st person singular with vav consecutive; Translation: “and I will destroy”; Notes: Piel intensifies the act of destruction.
- בָּמֹותֵיכֶם (bamotekhem) – Root: במה (bamah); Form: Noun feminine plural with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “your high places”; Notes: Refers to idolatrous shrines condemned by the prophets.