Genesis 1:2

והארץ היתה תהו ובהו וחשך על פני תהום ורוח אלהים מרחפת על פני המים׃

Gen 1:2 [Samaritan]
והארץ היתה תהו ובהו וחשך על פני תהום ורוח אלהים מרחפת על פני המים׃
And the earth was without form, and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of Elohim moved upon the face of the waters.

Gen 1:2 [Masoretic]
וְהָאָרֶץ הָיְתָה תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ וְחֹשֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵי תְהֹום וְרוּחַ אֱלֹהִים מְרַחֶפֶת עַל־פְּנֵי הַמָּֽיִם׃
And the earth was without form, and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of Elohim moved upon the face of the waters.

Gen 1:2 [Targum Onkelos]
וְאַרְעָא הֲוָת צָדְיָא וְריקַנְיָא וַחֲשוֹכָא פָרִישׁ עַל אַפֵי תְהוֹמָא וְרוּחָא מִן קָדָם יְיָ מְנַשְׁבָא עַל אַפֵי מַיָא׃
And the earth was waste and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the abyss, and the Spirit from before Y^eY^a blew upon the face of the waters.

* waste and empty or desolate and empty

Gen 1:2 [Samaritan Targum]
וארעה הות שאמה וריקנה וחשכה על אפי תהומה וריח אלהה מנשבה על אפי מיה:
And the earth was waste and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the abyss, and the Spirit of Elaha blew upon the face of the waters.

Gen 1:2 [Peshitta]
ܘܐܪܥܐ ܗܘܬ ܬܘܗ ܘܒܘܗܿ܂ ܘܚܫܘܟܐ ܥܠ ܐ̈ܦܝ ܬܗܘܡܐ܂ ܘܪܘܚܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܡܪܚܦܐ ‍‍ ܥܠ ܐ̈ܦܝ ܡ̈ܝܐ܀
And the earth was without form, and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of Alaha moved upon the face of the waters.

Gen 1:2 [Septuagint]
ἡ δὲ γῆ ἦν ἀόρατος καὶ ἀκατασκεύαστος, καὶ σκότος ἐπάνω τῆς ἀβύσσου· καὶ πνεῦμα Θεοῦ ἐπεφέρετο ἐπάνω τοῦ ὕδατος.
And the earth was invisible and unconstructed, and darkness was over the deep, and the Spirit of God moved over the water.

Gen 1:2 [Aquila of Sinope]
η δε γη ην κενωμα και ουθεν. και σκοτος επι προσωπον αβυσσου, και πνευμα Θεου επιφερομενον επι προσωπον υδατων.

Gen 1:2 [Symmachus]
η δε γη εγενετο αργον και αδιακριτον. … και πνευμα Θεου επιφερομενον επι προσωπον υδατων.

Gen 1:2 [Theodotion]
η δε γη ην κενον (s. ουθεν) και ουθεν. και σκοτος επι προσωπον αβυσσου, και πνευμα Θεου επιφερομενον επι προσωπου υδατος.

Gen 1:2 [Old Latin]
Terra autem erat invisibilis et incomposita, et tenebrae erant super abyssum : et Spiritus Dei superferebatur super aquam.
And the earth was invisible and shapeless, and darkness was upon the deep, and the Spirit of God moved over the waters.

Gen 1:2 [Vulgate]
Terra autem erat inanis et vacua et tenebrae super faciem abyssi et Spiritus Dei ferebatur super aquas.
And the earth was void and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the deep, and the Spirit of God moved over the waters.

וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֨הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י תְהֹ֑ום וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃

And the earth was formless and void, and darkness was over the face of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters.

Morphology

1. וְהָאָ֗רֶץ (vehaʾarets) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ts); Form: Conjunction + Noun, feminine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “And the earth”; Notes: Refers to the planet or the land.
2. הָיְתָ֥ה (hayetah) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3fs; Translation: “Was”; Notes: Indicates the state of being.
3. תֹ֨הוּ֙ (tohu) – Root: תהו (t-h-w); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Formless”; Notes: Describes a chaotic or unformed state.
4. וָבֹ֔הוּ (vavohu) – Root: בהו (b-h-w); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “And void”; Notes: Complements “formless” to emphasize desolation.
5. וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ (vechoshekh) – Root: חשך (ḥ-sh-k); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “And darkness”; Notes: Refers to the absence of light.
6. עַל־פְּנֵ֣י (ʿal-penei) – Root: פנה (p-n-h); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “Over the face of”; Notes: Describes the surface or presence.
7. תְהֹ֑ום (tehom) – Root: תהם (t-h-m); Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “The deep”; Notes: Refers to the primordial abyss or waters.
8. וְר֣וּחַ (veruach) – Root: רוח (r-w-ḥ); Form: Conjunction + Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “And the Spirit”; Notes: Can denote wind, breath, or spirit.
9. אֱלֹהִ֔ים (Elohim) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Noun, masculine plural in form but singular in meaning; Translation: “Elohim”; Notes: Refers to the divine creator.
10. מְרַחֶ֖פֶת (merachefet) – Root: רחף (r-ḥ-p); Form: Verb, Piel, Participle, feminine singular; Translation: “Hovering”; Notes: Describes a gentle, sustained motion.
11. עַל־פְּנֵ֥י (ʿal-penei) – Root: פנה (p-n-h); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “Over the face of”; Notes: Same construction as earlier.
12. הַמָּֽיִם׃ (hamayim) – Root: מים (m-y-m); Form: Noun, masculine plural absolute with definite article; Translation: “The waters”; Notes: Refers to the primordial waters.

Critical Apparatus :

Samaritan Pentateuch

von Gall Gen 1:2

Tanakh MSS Examined:

(1) Cod. Bodmer 21 (5v) (13th century AD)