וַיְהִ֗י אַחַר֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה חָ֥טְא֛וּ מַשְׁקֵ֥ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֖יִם וְהָאֹפֶ֑ה לַאֲדֹנֵיהֶ֖ם לְמֶ֥לֶךְ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
And it came to pass after these things, the cupbearer of the king of Mitsrayim and the baker sinned against their lord, against the king of Mitsrayim.
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וַיְהִי | va-yehi | “and it came to pass” | Qal wayyiqtol 3ms |
| 2 | אַחַר | aḥar | “after” | Preposition |
| 3 | הַדְּבָרִים | ha-devarim | “the things” | Def. art. הַ + N(mp) |
| 4 | הָאֵלֶּה | ha-ʾelleh | “these” | Def. art. הַ + demonstrative pronoun mp |
| 5 | חָטְאוּ | ḥatʾu | “they sinned” | Qal qatal 3cp |
| 6 | מַשְׁקֵה | mashqeh | “cupbearer of” | Hiphil participle ms used as noun, construct |
| 7 | מֶלֶךְ־מִצְרַיִם | melekh-Mitsrayim | “king of Mitsrayim” | N(ms) construct + proper noun |
| 8 | וְהָאֹפֶה | ve-ha-ʾofeh | “and the baker” | Conj וְ + Def. art. הַ + Qal participle ms used as noun |
| 9 | לַאֲדֹנֵיהֶם | la-ʾadonehem | “against their lord” | Prep לְ + noun masculine plural construct + suffix 3mp |
| 10 | לְמֶלֶךְ | le-melekh | “to the king of” | Prep לְ + noun masculine singular construct |
| 11 | מִצְרָיִם | Mitsrayim | “Mitsrayim” | Proper noun |
Morphology
- וַיְהִי (va-yehi) – Root: היה (hayah); Root Type: III-He (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Conjunction וַ + wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it came to pass”; Notes: Common narrative opening formula introducing a new episode.
- אַחַר (aḥar) – Root: אחר (ʾ-ḥ-r); Root Type: I-Guttural (א) (weak); Form: Preposition; Translation: “after”; Notes: Introduces temporal sequence following previous events.
- הַדְּבָרִים (ha-devarim) – Root: דבר (davar); Root Type: Strong; Form: Definite article הַ + noun masculine plural; Translation: “the things”; Notes: Refers collectively to the preceding matters or events.
- הָאֵלֶּה (ha-ʾelleh) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Root Type: I-Guttural (א) (weak); Form: Definite article הַ + demonstrative pronoun masculine plural; Translation: “these”; Notes: Specifies the previously mentioned events.
- חָטְאוּ (ḥatʾu) – Root: חטא (ḥ-ṭ-ʾ); Root Type: III-Aleph (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Qatal (perfect) 3rd person common plural; Translation: “they sinned”; Notes: Indicates wrongdoing or offense committed against their master.
- מַשְׁקֵה (mashqeh) – Root: שׁקה (sh-q-h); Root Type: III-He (weak); Binyan: Hiphil; Form: Hiphil participle masculine singular used substantivally, construct state (state: construct); Translation: “cupbearer of”; Notes: Refers to the royal official responsible for serving drink to the king.
- מֶלֶךְ־מִצְרַיִם (melekh-Mitsrayim) – Root: מלך (malakh); Root Type: Strong; Form: Noun masculine singular construct (state: construct) + proper noun; Translation: “king of Mitsrayim”; Notes: Construct chain identifying the ruler of Egypt.
- וְהָאֹפֶה (ve-ha-ʾofeh) – Root: אפה (ʾ-p-h); Root Type: I-Guttural (א) (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Conjunction וְ + definite article הַ + Qal participle masculine singular used substantivally; Translation: “and the baker”; Notes: Refers to the royal baker serving in Pharaoh’s court.
- לַאֲדֹנֵיהֶם (la-ʾadonehem) – Root: אדן (ʾ-d-n); Root Type: I-Guttural (א) (weak); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural construct (state: construct) + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “against their lord”; Notes: The suffix refers back to the two royal officials.
- לְמֶלֶךְ (le-melekh) – Root: מלך (malakh); Root Type: Strong; Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular construct (state: construct); Translation: “to the king of”; Notes: Introduces the following genitival relationship with Mitsrayim.
- מִצְרָיִם (Mitsrayim) – Root: מצרים (Mitsrayim); Root Type: Dual-form proper noun; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Mitsrayim”; Notes: Hebrew name for Egypt, often morphologically dual in form.