וַיִּזְכֹּ֣ר יֹוסֵ֔ף אֵ֚ת הַחֲלֹמֹ֔ות אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָלַ֖ם לָהֶ֑ם וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ מְרַגְּלִ֣ים אַתֶּ֔ם לִרְאֹ֛ות אֶת־עֶרְוַ֥ת הָאָ֖רֶץ בָּאתֶֽם׃
And Yosef remembered the dreams that he had dreamed about them, and he said to them, “You are spies! You have come to see the nakedness of the land!”
Morphology
- וַיִּזְכֹּ֣ר (vayizkor) – Root: זָכַר (zakhar); Form: Verb, Qal, Consecutive Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “And he remembered”; Notes: Refers to Yosef recalling his previous dreams about his brothers.
- יֹוסֵ֔ף (Yosef) – Root: יֹוסֵף (Yosef); Form: Proper noun, ms; Translation: “Yosef”; Notes: Subject of the sentence.
- אֵ֚ת (et) – Form: Accusative marker; Translation: “the”; Notes: Marks “dreams” as the direct object.
- הַחֲלֹמֹ֔ות (hachalomot) – Root: חָלַם (chalam); Form: Noun, mp with definite article; Translation: “dreams”; Notes: Refers to Yosef’s prophetic dreams about his brothers.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (asher) – Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Connects the dreams to the verb “had dreamed.”
- חָלַ֖ם (chalam) – Root: חָלַם (chalam); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3ms; Translation: “he had dreamed”; Notes: Refers to Yosef’s past action of dreaming about his brothers.
- לָהֶ֑ם (lahem) – Form: Preposition with 3mp suffix; Translation: “about them”; Notes: Indicates that the dreams were concerning his brothers.
- וַיֹּ֤אמֶר (vayomer) – Root: אָמַר (amar); Form: Verb, Qal, Consecutive Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Yosef’s speech directed at his brothers.
- אֲלֵהֶם֙ (alehem) – Form: Preposition with 3mp suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Indicates the audience of Yosef’s statement.
- מְרַגְּלִ֣ים (meraglim) – Root: רָגַל (ragal); Form: Noun, mp; Translation: “spies”; Notes: Accusation Yosef makes against his brothers.
- אַתֶּ֔ם (atem) – Form: Pronoun, 2mp; Translation: “you”; Notes: Refers to Yosef’s brothers, the subjects being addressed.
- לִרְאֹ֛ות (lirot) – Root: רָאָה (ra’ah); Form: Verb, Qal, Infinitive Construct; Translation: “to see”; Notes: Infinitive construct expressing purpose.
- אֶת־עֶרְוַ֥ת (et-ervat) – Root: עֶרְוָה (ervah); Form: Noun, fs with accusative marker; Translation: “the nakedness of”; Notes: Refers to the vulnerability or weakness of the land.
- הָאָ֖רֶץ (ha’aretz) – Root: אֶרֶץ (eretz); Form: Noun, fs with definite article; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to the land of Egypt.
- בָּאתֶֽם (batem) – Root: בּוֹא (bo); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 2mp; Translation: “you have come”; Notes: Indicates the purpose Yosef attributes to his brothers’ arrival.