כִּֽי־הִנְנִ֤י מֵקִים֙ אֶת־הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים הַגֹּ֖וי הַמַּ֣ר וְהַנִּמְהָ֑ר הַֽהֹולֵךְ֙ לְמֶרְחֲבֵי־אֶ֔רֶץ לָרֶ֖שֶׁת מִשְׁכָּנֹ֥ות לֹּא־לֹֽו׃
For behold I am raising up the Kasdim the nation bitter and hasty the one going to the expanses of earth to possess dwellings not his.
Morphology
- כִּי־ (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces YHWH’s explanation for the astonishing work.
- הִנְנִי (hineni) – Root: הנה (hinneh); Form: Interjection + suffix 1cs; Translation: “behold I”; Notes: A divine self-introduction emphasizing immediacy of action.
- מֵקִים (meqim) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Hifil participle masculine singular; Translation: “am raising up”; Notes: Hifil shows causative sense: YHWH actively causing the rise of the Kasdim.
- אֶת־ (et) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Marks “the Kasdim” as the object of YHWH’s action.
- הַכַּשְׂדִּים (ha-Kasdim) – Root: כשׂד (kasad); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the Kasdim”; Notes: Refers to the Chaldeans, a rising imperial power.
- הַגֹּוי (ha-goy) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the nation”; Notes: Appositive to “Kasdim,” identifying them collectively.
- הַמַּר (ha-mar) – Root: מרר (marar); Form: Definite adjective masculine singular; Translation: “the bitter”; Notes: Describes harsh and ruthless character.
- וְהַנִּמְהָר (ve-ha-nimhar) – Root: מהר (mahar); Form: Conjunction + definite Nifal participle masculine singular; Translation: “and the hasty”; Notes: Nifal participle indicates being characterized by rapid, impetuous action.
- הַהֹולֵךְ (ha-holekh) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Definite Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “the one going”; Notes: Highlights continuous movement, depicting expansion.
- לְמֶרְחֲבֵי־ (le-merḥavei) – Root: רחב (raḥav); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “to the expanses of”; Notes: Suggests wide-ranging imperial campaigns.
- אֶרֶץ (eretz) – Root: ארץ (eretz); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “earth”; Notes: Refers to the land or the world in territorial scope.
- לָרֶשֶׁת (la-reshet) – Root: ירשׁ (yarash); Form: Preposition לְ + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to possess”; Notes: Indicates purpose: conquest and seizure of lands.
- מִשְׁכָּנוֹת (mishkanot) – Root: שׁכן (shakan); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “dwellings”; Notes: Refers to inhabited places targeted for conquest.
- לֹּא־ (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates rightful ownership.
- לֹו (lo) – Root: לו (lo); Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 3ms; Translation: “his”; Notes: Indicates that the dwellings seized do not belong to the conqueror.