Hosea 5:3

אֲנִי֙ יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹֽא־נִכְחַ֣ד מִמֶּ֑נִּי כִּ֤י עַתָּה֙ הִזְנֵ֣יתָ אֶפְרַ֔יִם נִטְמָ֖א יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

I know Efrayim, and Yisraʾel is not hidden from Me; for now, Efrayim, you have played the harlot; Yisraʾel is defiled.

Morphology

1. אֲנִי (ʾani) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun 1cs; Translation: “I”; Notes: Marks divine self-reference emphasizing YHWH’s personal involvement and omniscience.
2. יָדַעְתִּי (yadaʿti) – Root: ידע (y-d-ʿ); Form: Qal perfect 1cs; Translation: “I know”; Notes: Indicates intimate or complete knowledge, not merely intellectual awareness—often used for covenantal relationship awareness.
3. אֶפְרַיִם (ʾEfrayim) – Root: אפר (ʾ-p-r); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Ephrayim”; Notes: Represents the northern kingdom as a whole; symbolically used for ten tribes of Yisraʾel.
4. וְיִשְׂרָאֵל (veYisraʾel) – Root: שׂרה (s-r-h) + אל (ʾ-l); Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “and Yisraʾel”; Notes: Appositionally parallels Ephrayim; reinforces national scope of divine observation.
5. לֹא־נִכְחַד (lo-nikhḥad) – Root: כחד (k-ḥ-d); Form: Nifal perfect 3ms with negation; Translation: “is not hidden”; Notes: Passive sense; underscores divine omniscience—nothing escapes YHWH’s sight.
6. מִמֶּנִּי (mimmenni) – Root: —; Form: Preposition מִן + pronominal suffix 1cs; Translation: “from Me”; Notes: Reinforces personal aspect of divine awareness.
7. כִּי (ki) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for” or “because”; Notes: Introduces causal explanation for divine judgment.
8. עַתָּה (ʿattah) – Root: —; Form: Adverb; Translation: “now”; Notes: Marks immediacy—implying a present and observable state of corruption.
9. הִזְנֵיתָ (hizneta) – Root: זנה (z-n-h); Form: Hiphil perfect 2ms; Translation: “you have played the harlot”; Notes: Metaphorical for spiritual infidelity and idolatry; Ephrayim personified as a faithless wife.
10. אֶפְרַיִם (ʾEfrayim) – Root: אפר (ʾ-p-r); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Ephrayim”; Notes: Repetition heightens direct accusation and personal culpability.
11. נִטְמָא (nitma) – Root: טמא (ṭ-m-ʾ); Form: Nifal perfect 3ms; Translation: “is defiled”; Notes: Passive of ritual impurity, often with moral connotations—defilement through idolatry or moral corruption.
12. יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: שׂרה (s-r-h) + אל (ʾ-l); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Concludes the verse with national indictment; both individual (Ephrayim) and collective (Yisraʾel) guilt.